Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Cardiovascular Devices

Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Cardiovascular Devices
An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Glenn N. Levine, MD, FAHA; Antoinette S. Gomes, MD, FAHA; Andrew E. Arai, MD, FAHA; David A. Bluemke, MD, FAHA; Scott D. Flamm, MD; Emanuel Kanal, MD; Warren J. Manning, MD, FAHA; Edward T. Martin, MD, FAHA; J. Michael Smith, MD; Norbert Wilke, MD; Frank S. Shellock, PhD
Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging over the past 2 decades have led to MR becoming an increasingly attractive imaging modality. With the growing number of patients treated with permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular devices, it is becoming ever more important to clarify safety issues in regard to the performance of MR examinations in patients with these devices. Extensive, although not complete, ex vivo, animal, and clinical data are available from which to generate recommendations regarding the safe performance of MR examination in patients with cardiovascular devices, as well as to ascertain caveats and contraindications regarding MR examination for such patients. Safe MR imaging involves a careful initial patient screening, accurate determination of the permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular device and its properties, a thoughtful analysis of the risks and benefits of performing the examination at that time, and, when indicated, appropriate physician management and supervision. This scientific statement is intended to summarize and clarify issues regarding the safety of MR imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices.