Measuring and analyzing inequalities in human development requires a multidimensional approach, beyond income. The IHDI reduces human development achievements by the inequality in the distribution of health, education, and income within countries. With perfect equality (e.g. in the case of life expectancy, if everyone lived to the same age) the HDI and the IHDI are equal. The IHDI falls farther below the HDI as inequality rises.
At the global level, when accounting for inequalities, the 2017 HDI value of 0.728 falls to 0.582, the average loss of about 20 percent. Inequality in income contributes the most to overall inequality, followed by education and life expectancy. But a deeper look into data reveals that the overall (percentage) loss in HDI due to inequality ranges from 3.6 percent in Japan to 45.3 percent in Comoros, and the composition of inequality is vastly different between countries.
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