3.111 AMICOR (25)

 3.111 AMICOR (25) 

AMICOR 3.110 (semana passada - link de correção) houve um erro na versão inicial

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Estava feliz!...Deve ter sido no México em 1994

#Nature Briefing   8Bi

The world’s population hit eight billion on 15 November, according to United Nations estimates. (Jean-Marc Zaorski/Gamma-Rapho/Getty)

World population hits eight billion According to United Nations models, the world’s population will reach eight billion people today — less than a century after the planet supported just two billion. Rapid growth has been driven by advances in public health and medicine, which have allowed more children to survive to adulthood. At the same time, fertility rates stayed high in lower-income countries. But growth is slowing, and, within a few decades, Earth’s population will begin to shrink. Today, almost half the people on Earth live in places where lifetime fertility is below 2.1 births per woman — roughly the level required for populations with low mortality to stop growing in the long run. Most of the projected increase in the global population between 2022 and 2050 is expected to occur in just eight countries: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and Tanzania. India is projected to surpass China as the world’s most populous country in 2023. Nature | 4 min read Reference: UN Population Division Data Portal

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New Recommendations for Hyperglycemia Management

Neil Skolnik, MD. DISCLOSURES November 14, 2022

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New brain implants ‘read' words directly from people's thoughts

NOV 15 2022 7:00 AM

In the lab, brain implants can translate internal speech into external signals, technology that could help people who are unable to speak or type. READ MORE  

#Nature

Locating the moral-dilemma centre of the brain

© KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images

In moral-dilemma tests, people with damage to a brain region called the basolateral amygdala seldom chose to sacrifice one person even if it would save the lives of thousands of others.

A small, almond-shape structure, the amygdala has been dubbed the fear centre of the brain. Experiments with rodents have indicated that the basolateral amygdala plays a critical role in decisions that require weighing the cost of a sacrifice against the benefit of the outcome. But it wasn’t known whether this carries over to people.

Now, a team led by researchers from the University of Cape Town in South Africa has found compelling evidence that humans use the basolateral amygdala when making such judgements.

They found that five people with damaged basolateral amygdalas due to a rare genetic condition frequently opted to save one person even if it would result in the deaths of thousands.

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References

1. PNAS 119, e2119072119 (2022). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2119072119

Roots determine dominant biome

31 August 2022

© Martin Harvey/The Image Bank/Getty Images

Belowground competition for scarce resources fought by plant roots plays a much bigger role than previously thought in determining boundaries between biomes.

Abiotic factors such as geology, climate and fire regimes have been thought to largely determine the dominant biome in an area.

But now, a team that included researchers from the University of Cape Town in South Africa has shown that the root strategies that plants employ to obtain nutrients from the soil can determine the biome.

In a four-yield field study, the team investigated the sharp boundaries between two very contrasting biomes: one (forest) dominated by a small number of trees and the other (Fynbos) with great plant diversity that included many shrubs. The two biomes occur in areas with identical climate and geology.

The team found that the different root strategies employed determined whether forest or Fynbos dominated.

References

1. PNAS 119, e2117514119 (2022). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2117514119

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#SIMERS

Preocupado com o fechamento de mais de 200 leitos, o Simers lançou a campanha “Salvem o Beneficência Portuguesa”. O presidente Marcos Rovinski, em vídeo, alertou sobre o processo de negociação para quitar dívidas trabalhistas no valor de R$ 35 milhões. Assista ao vídeo no canal do Simers no Youtube:

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FLUID DYNAMICS | ALL TOPICS   Computer Proof ‘Blows Up’ Centuries-Old Fluid Equations By JORDANA CEPELEWICZ For more than 250 years, mathematicians have wondered if the Euler equations might sometimes fail to describe a fluid’s flow. A new computer-assisted proof marks a major breakthrough in that quest. Read the article

COSMOLOGY   Why This Universe? New Calculation Suggests Our Cosmos Is Typical. By CHARLIE WOOD Physicists have calculated that the universe has a higher entropy — and is therefore more likely — than alternative possible universes. Read the article Related:  Physicists Rewrite a Quantum Rule That Clashes With Our Universe By Charlie Wood DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY   The Gut Microbiome Helps Social Skills Develop in the Brain By JOANNA THOMPSON New research in fish suggests that gut microbes can have a crucial early influence on the brain’s social development. Read the blog Related:  How Microbiomes Affect Fear By Elena Renken (2019) QUANTIZED COLUMNS   How to Think About Relativity By SEAN CARROLL Albert Einstein’s ideas about space-time aren’t exactly intuitive, and they aren’t exactly Einstein’s, either. Read the column Around the Web Thought-to-Speech Researchers announced that they have developed a brain implant that can read words directly from a user’s thoughts. The device could aid communication with people who are paralyzed or have other physical impairments, reports Laura Sanders for Science News. In science fiction, brain-machine interfaces often have the ability to control thoughts and behaviors. But in 2021 R. Douglas Fields wrote for Quanta about why real-world technology is still far from achieving these capabilities. New Win for MOND A new calculation shows that a controversial alternative theory of gravity called Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) accurately predicts how star clusters break apart, reports Sam Jarman for Physics World. Physicists have struggled to find a version of MOND that is consistent with all astrophysical observations. In 2020 Charlie Wood wrote for Quanta about a new formulation that finally managed to describe the cosmic microwave background.