Saturday, December 16, 2023

3.167 - AMICOR (26)

 3.167 - AMICOR (26) em construção

#com Dr. Valderês A. Robinson Achutti (*13/06/1931+15/06/2021)

e nosso filho Luiz Eduardo, presente também na foto que encerra o AMICOR de hoje (bem abaixo)

#Re-Publicando artigos antigos meus



#PNAS

Amazonia and the tropical forests are full of scientific surprises, with important environmental and climatic impacts that range from local to regional and global. Before the Industrial Revolution, there was quite an equilibrium between forest photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration, keeping the carbon stock of tropical forests in equilibrium (1). However, the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations caused forests to absorb more carbon than they released, with the Global Carbon Project estimating that forests are absorbing 26% of the CO2 emissions (2). The Amazon rainforest is highly biodiverse and the largest contiguous tropical rainforest in the world. The links between forest and climate are very strong regarding precipitation, temperature, radiation, aerosols, clouds, and other variables (3). Carbon cycling is very much coupled to climate and water cycles in tropical rainforests. Undisturbed forests act as a carbon sink by taking up about 11.4 GtCO2/y, or 29% of anthropogenic emissions annually, while v accounts for an emission of 4.5 GtCO2/y, or 11% of emissions (2). However, deforestation and climate change are altering tropical forest’s important ecosystem services. Tropical deforestation is an important driver of global climate change through emissions of greenhouse gases. But the reverse is also important, where increased temperatures, reduced precipitation, and increased climate extremes, such as droughts, are making some regions in the Amazon Forest start to have a positive net carbon flux to the atmosphere (45).
/.../
#NGM

There’s another biome tucked inside your microbiome—here’s why it’s so important

Your microbiome has its own fungal communities that live in the gut, skin, and
respiratory tract. Known as the mycobiome, its role in your overall health is an
emerging area of interest.

Studies show that patients with irritable bowel syndrome tend to have high levels of the fungus Candida
albicans
 (illustrated here) in their gut. In recent years, scientists have started to take a closer look at how the fungi in ​your gut microbiome affect your health.
COLORIZED SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGE BY MARTIN OEGGERLI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BASEL, SWISS NANOSCIENCE INSTITUTE, BASEL. 

PUBLISHED DECEMBER 4, 2023

Of the many types of microscopic organisms that make up the gut microbiome, bacteria receive the most attention. But other tiny organisms in the gut might be just as important to overall health—and they’re often overlooked.

Your microbiome also has its own mycobiome, or fungal communities that live in the gut, skin, and respiratory tract. Recent studies show that the mycobiome might help keep dangerous microbes at bay and regulate the immune system—or cause chronic disease.

(Your gut health can affect your whole body. The gut microbiome, explained.)

Scientists have linked the fungal communities in the gut to myriad diseases, including long COVID, and dozens of other intestinal, neurological, and respiratory diseases. And although researchers are only just starting to piece together how fungi impact our health, here’s what we do know.

What makes up the gut microbiome?

Researchers have studied the bacterial microbiome for centuries, but they’ve largely ignored the mycobiome, says Mahmoud Ghannoum, a microbiologist and professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center who coined the term “mycobiome.” (Ghannoum also cofounded BIOHM Health, a biotechnology company that’s testing probiotic nutritional supplements and biotherapeutics.)/.../

#Gates Notes

Lessons in lifesaving from Brazil

What the biggest country in South America can teach the world about healthcare.

| 
I’ve been a big fan of Brazil for a while. I first visited back in 1995 when Microsoft was building out our operations there, including working with one of the national banks to launch home banking. And some of my favorite family trips have been to the Amazon, whose river, basin, and rainforest come up often during conversations on climate change. But it wasn’t until I began working in public health that I started appreciating just how impressive the country’s track record in this area is—and how much the rest of the world could learn from it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXCEgPM-bSQ&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesnotes.com%2F&embeds_referring_origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesnotes.com&feature=emb_imp_woyt

#LiveScience

The 1st life in the universe could have formed seconds after the Big Bang

A composite image of the Bullet Cluster, a much-studied pair of galaxy clusters that have collided head on. One has passed through the other, like a bullet traveling through an apple, and is thought to show clear signs of dark matter (blue) separated from hot gases (pink).
A composite image of the Bullet Cluster, a much-studied pair of galaxy clusters that have collided head on. One has passed through the other, like a bullet traveling through an apple, and is thought to show clear signs of dark matter (blue) separated from hot gases (pink). (Image credit: X-ray: NASA/ CXC/ CfA/ M.Markevitch, Optical and lensing map: NASA/STScI, Magellan/ U.Arizona/ D.Clowe, Lensing map: ESO/WFI)

Life has found a home on Earth for around 4 billion years. That's a significant fraction of the universe's 13.77 billion-year history. Presumably, if life arose here, it could have appeared anywhere. And for sufficiently broad definitions of life, it might even be possible for life to have appeared mere seconds after the Big Bang.

To explore the origins of life, first we have to define it. There are over 200 published definitions of the term, which shows just how difficult this concept is to grapple with. For example, are viruses alive? They replicate but need a host to do so. What about prions, the pathogenic protein structures? Debates continue to swirl over the line between life and nonlife. But for our purposes, we can use an extremely broad, but very useful definition: Life is everything that's subject to Darwinian evolution./.../

#Our World in Data

We’re hiring a Senior Full-stack Engineer!


We’re hiring a Senior Full-stack Engineer to help us transform how the world understands its biggest challenges.


Recent articles, updates, and announcements

What were the death tolls from pandemics in history?
Period versus cohort measures: what’s the difference?
Why do women live longer than men?
The Human Development Index and related indices: what they are and what we can learn from them
How do researchers measure how common and deadly armed conflicts are?


#Science News

The James Webb telescope took some stunning images in 2023

Just a year and a half into its mission, JWST is revolutionizing our view of the cosmos


#

NEUROSCIENCE | ALL TOPICS

 

New Cell Atlases Reveal Untold Variety in the Brain and Body

By YASEMIN SAPLAKOGLU

Recent efforts to map every cell in the human body have researchers floored by unfathomable diversity, with many thousands of subtly different types of cells in the human brain alone.

Read the article

Quanta is conducting a series of surveys to better serve our audience. Take our newsletter subscriber survey and you will be entered to win free Quanta merchandise.

ASTROPHYSICS

 

Extra-Long Blasts Challenge Our Theories of Cosmic Cataclysms

By CHARLIE WOOD

In less than half the duration of a pop song, gamma-ray bursts can emit about as much energy as our sun produces over billions of years. Recent observations are forcing astronomers to rethink their best theories of what might cause the bursts.

Read the article


Related: 
Brighter Than a Billion Billion Suns:
Gamma-Ray Bursts Continue to Surprise

By Jonathan O'Callaghan (2021)

NUMBER THEORY

 

A Triplet Tree Forms One of the Most Beautiful Structures in Math

By ANNA KRAMER
and KONSTANTIN KAKAES

The Markov numbers reveal the secrets of irrational numbers and the patterns of the Fibonacci sequence. But there’s one question about them that has resisted proof for over a century.

Read the blog


Related: 
Two Students Unravel a Widely
Believed Math Conjecture

By Max G. Levy

COMPUTER SECURITY

 

Celebrated Cryptography Algorithm Gets an Upgrade

By MADISON GOLDBERG

Two researchers have improved a well-known technique for lattice basis reduction, opening up new avenues for practical experiments in cryptography and mathematics.

Read the blog


"The Theater of the World" 
In the 16th century, the Belgian cartographer Abraham Ortelius created the world’s first modern atlas — a collection of maps that he called “The Theater of the World.” The maps, drawn by Ortelius and others, detailed what was at the time the best knowledge of the world’s continents, cities, mountains, rivers, lakes and oceans and helped usher in a new understanding of global geography.

Similarly, the creation of cell atlases — maps of organs and bodies constructed cell by cell — is heralding a new era in our understanding of biology. Powerful sequencing and imaging technologies invented in the last decade are revealing with unprecedented detail the composition of human organs and tissues, from the pancreas and liver to the placenta, as well as those of other animals like the mouse and fruit fly. With these new tools, researchers can fingerprint individual cells based on which genes they are expressing. That information has revealed subtle and unsuspected distinctions among cells and has begun to illuminate how the diversity of cell types can be essential to the healthy functioning of organs. /.../ Quanta Magazine

#Seminário: A fonte das imagens
com nosso filho Luiz Eduardo
Foto de Luiz Avila - RBS - Ele foi motivo par o painel que segue, encerrando AMICOR de hoje, quando fez a foto da pomba da paz...



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