Sigmund Freud +1939

Know about Sigmund Freud's triple-decker model of the human psyche: the id, ego, and superego Know about Sigmund Freud's triple-decker model of the human psyche: the id, ego, and superego (01:07) Learn about Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche: ego, superego, and id. © Open University (A Britannica Publishing Partner)Sigmund Freud 1939: Sigmund Freud, the founder of modern psychoanalysis, died in London. [Test your knowledge of psychology.]

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Today in 1956: Sigmund Freud

Today in 1956: Sigmund Freud “The dark, intense young man ambling through the great arcaded court at the University of Vienna was caught in fantasy. He was still a student, a nobody, a Jew in Franz Josef's Austria. Yet, as he admired the statues of great professors in the university's hall of fame, Sigmund Freud dreamed of a day when his own likeness would be there among the great; he even envisaged the inscription for it. Today, 80 years since the dream and 100 years since Freud was born, his bronze image stands in that dusty hall of fame, and below, just as he had conceived it, is the inscription from Sophocles: Who divined the famed riddle and was a man most mighty. The riddle that entranced Sigmund Freud was the same that had entranced man through the ages—What am I?" (April 23, 1956) Read the full story

Time of Plague

Psychoanalysis in Time of Plague

Jamieson Webster

Bridgeman Images

Émile François Chambon: Sleeper on her back, 1966–1968

Freud’s daughter Sophie died of septic pneumonia as a result of the Spanish Flu. On January 29, 1920, he wrote to his friend and fellow psychoanalyst, Sándor Ferenczi, “wafted away, nothing to say,” ending the letter, “And with us? My wife is very shaken. I think: La séance continue. But it was a bit much for one week.” One might find Freud’s tone rather heartless and cruel, but that would miss the spirit of tragic-irony particular to Freud, very much present in his parting words. They are not so unlike the statement he made when forced to say he was treated well by the Nazis when allowed to leave Austria: “I can most highly recommend the Gestapo to everyone.” And the particularity of the tone is psychoanalysis at its best—nothing to say. We’ll speak again at your next session. It’s time. /.../

I go and read Paul Celan’s love poem titled Corona:

Autumn eats its leaf out of my hand: we are friends.
From the nuts we shell time and we teach it to walk:
then time returns to the shell.

In the mirror it’s Sunday,
in dream there is room for sleeping,
our mouths speak the truth.

My eye moves down to the sex of my loved one:
we look at each other,
we exchange dark words,
we love each other like poppy and recollection,
we sleep like wine in the conches,
like the sea in the moon’s blood ray.

We stand by the window embracing, and people look up from
the street:
it is time they knew!
It is time the stone made an effort to flower,
time unrest had a beating heart.
It is time it were time.

It is time.

/../ 

Schizophrenia and Broccoli (sure?)

neurosciencestuff Broccoli Sprout Compound May Restore Brain Chemistry Imbalance Linked to Schizophrenia In a series of recently published studies using animals and people, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they have further characterized a set of chemical imbalances in the brains of people with schizophrenia related to the chemical glutamate. And they figured out how to tweak the level using a compound derived from broccoli sprouts. They say the results advance the hope that supplementing with broccoli sprout extract, which contains high levels of the chemical sulforaphane, may someday provide a way to lower the doses of traditional antipsychotic medicines needed to manage schizophrenia symptoms, thus reducing unwanted side effects of the medicines. “It’s possible that future studies could show sulforaphane to be a safe supplement to give people at risk of developing schizophrenia as a way to prevent, delay or blunt the onset of symptoms,” adds Akira Sawa, M.D., Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and director of the Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center. Schizophrenia is marked by hallucinations, delusions and disordered thinking, feeling, behavior, perception and speaking. Drugs used to treat schizophrenia don’t work completely for everyone, and they can cause a variety of undesirable side effects, including metabolic problems increasing cardiovascular risk, involuntary movements, restlessness, stiffness and “the shakes.” In a study described in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, the researchers looked for differences in brain metabolism between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls. They recruited 81 people from the Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center within 24 months of their first psychosis episode, which can be a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia, as well as 91 healthy controls from the community. The participants were an average of 22 years old, and 58% were men. The researchers used a powerful magnet to measure and compare five regions in the brain between the people with and without psychosis. A computer analysis of 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data identified individual chemical metabolites and their quantities. The researchers found on average 4% significantly lower levels of the brain chemical glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex region of the brain in people with psychosis compared to healthy people. Glutamate is known for its role in sending messages between brain cells, and has been linked to depression and schizophrenia, so these findings added to evidence that glutamate levels have a role in schizophrenia. Additionally, the researchers found a significant reduction of 3% of the chemical glutathione in the brain’s anterior cingulate cortex and 8% in the thalamus. Glutathione is made of three smaller molecules, and one of them is glutamate. Next, the researchers asked how glutamate might be managed in the brain and whether that management is faulty in disease. They first looked at how it’s stored. Because glutamate is a building block of glutathione, the researchers wondered if the brain might use glutathione as a way to store extra glutamate. And if so, the researchers questioned if they could use known drugs to shift this balance to either release glutamate from storage when there isn’t enough, or send it into storage if there is too much. In another study, described in the journal PNAS, the team used the drug L-Buthionine sulfoximine in rat brain cells to block an enzyme that turns glutamate into glutathione, allowing it to be used up. The researchers found that theses nerves were more excited and fired faster, which means they were sending more messages to other brain cells. The researchers say shifting the balance this way is akin to shifting the brain cells to a pattern similar to one found in the brains of people with schizophrenia. Next, the researchers wanted to see if they could do the opposite and shift the balance to get more glutamate stored in the form of glutathione. They used the chemical sulforaphane found in broccoli sprouts, which is known to turn on a gene that makes more of the enzyme that sticks glutamate with another molecule to make glutathione. When they treated rat brain cells with glutathione, it slowed the speed at which the nerve cells fired, meaning they were sending fewer messages. The researchers say this pushed the brain cells to behave less like the pattern found in brains with schizophrenia. “We are thinking of glutathione as glutamate stored in a gas tank,” says Thomas Sedlak, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. “If you have a bigger gas tank, you have more leeway on how far you can drive, but as soon as you take the gas out of the tank it’s burned up quickly. We can think of those with schizophrenia as having a smaller gas tank.” Because sulforaphane changed the glutamate imbalance in the rat brains and affected how messages were transmitted between the rat brain cells, the researchers wanted to test whether sulforaphane could change glutathione levels in healthy people’s brains and see if this could eventually be a strategy for people with mental disorders. For their study, published in April 2018 in Molecular Neuropsychiatry, the researchers recruited nine healthy volunteers (four women, five men) to take two capsules with 100 micromoles daily of sulforaphane in the form of broccoli sprout extract for seven days. The volunteers reported that a few of them were gassy and some had stomach upset when eating the capsules on an empty stomach, but overall the sulforaphane was relatively well tolerated. The researchers used MRS again to monitor three brain regions for glutathione levels in the healthy volunteers before and after taking sulforaphane. They found that after seven days, there was about a 30% increase in average glutathione levels in the subjects’ brains. For example, in the hippocampus, glutathione levels rose an average of 0.27 millimolar from a baseline of 1.1 millimolar after seven days of taking sulforaphane. The scientists say further research is needed to learn whether sulforaphane can safely reduce symptoms of psychosis or hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. They would need to determine an optimal dose and see how long people must take it to observe an effect. The researchers caution that their studies don’t justify or demonstrate the value of using commercially available sulforaphane supplements to treat or prevent schizophrenia, and patients should consult their physicians before trying any kind of over-the-counter supplement. Versions of sulforaphane supplements are sold in health food stores and at vitamin counters, and aren’t regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “For people predisposed to heart disease, we know that changes in diet and exercise can help stave off the disease, but there isn’t anything like that for severe mental disorders yet,” says Sedlak. “We are hoping that we will one day make some mental illness preventable to a certain extent.” Sulforaphane is found in a variety of cruciferous vegetables, and was first identified as a “chemoprotective” substance decades ago by Paul Talalay and Jed Fahey at Johns Hopkins. According to the World Health Organization, schizophrenia affects about 21 million people worldwide. #schizophrenia #glutamate #sulforaphane #psychosis #glutathione #neuroscience #science 168 notes

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Sigmund Freud, born May 6, 1856

Sigmund Freud

AUSTRIAN PSYCHOANALYST

WRITTEN BY: 

• Martin Evan Jay

LAST UPDATED: May 2, 2019 See Article History

Sigmund Freud, (born May 6, 1856, Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire [now Příbor, Czech Republic]—died September 23, 1939, London, England), Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis.

Freud may justly be called the most influential intellectual legislator of his age. His creation of psychoanalysis was at once a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society. Despite repeated criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud’s work, its spell remained powerful well after his death and in fields far removed from psychology as it is narrowly defined. If, as the American sociologist Philip Rieff once contended, “psychological man” replaced such earlier notions as political, religious, or economic man as the 20th century’s dominant self-image, it is in no small measure due to the power of Freud’s vision and the seeming inexhaustibility of the intellectual legacy he left behind./.../

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John Barker recruited a group of people whose predictions were uncannily prescient. Then one foresaw Barker’s death.

Illustration by Matthieu BourelBy Sam Knight

John Barker recruited a group of people whose predictions were uncannily prescient. Then one foresaw Barker’s death.

Illustration by Matthieu BourelFor many years, Kathleen Lorna Middleton lived at 69 Carlton Terrace, in the North London suburb of Edmonton. The house, which faced one of the main roads leading out of the city, had a small plaque to the left of the front door: “Miss Lorna Middleton, Teacher of Pianoforte and Ballet.” Middleton was born in Brockton, Massachusetts, in 1914. She was a talented dancer as a child and had friends who went to Hollywood, but, during the Depression, Middleton’s parents, who were English, lost everything and moved back to London. Middleton, who had small hands, buck teeth, and a pronounced New England accent, opened a school for dance and music in the front room of No. 69 and called her students the Merrie Carltons./.../

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Patterns of Nonsocial and Social Cognitive Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis  

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Do Marcello Blaya Perez

Marcello Blaya Perez

47 min · 

Essa disputa ou dizprostituta entre os desembargadores me fez pensar na semelhança que se pode ver entre as funções jurídicas e as psicanalíticas. Aos 94 anos creio ser o médico-psiquiatra-psicanalista mais idoso da cidade. Vejamos o que se exige dum terapeuta: o paciente chega com uma briga com o mundo externo que, em geral, é a troca de sua briga interna pela externa. E o que se pode pretender para auxiliá-lo, precisa ser pelo silêncio, a tolerância e a persistência, conseguir que a briga externa se torne uma "briga" com o único externo presente, o terapeuta. Mas para obter esse resultado é indispensável que este seja capaz de se manter neutro, nunca dar sua opinião a favor ou contra a cara-ou-coroa das brigas e graças a aceitação de opositor sem se opor, consiga aproximar o cliente da briga interna, o consciente orgulhoso e megalomaníaco com o inconsciente poderoso e tranquilo. Vejamos as fantasias e os sonhos: nas fantasias megalomaníacas o paciente começa achando que pode usar a sua mais poderosa arma, a MENTIRA, para livrar-se dos inimigos externos e do terapeuta, o inimigo substituto. A paz e a tolerância do terapeuta permite que a "novela" seja apresentada intercalada com sonhos. E nos sonhos fala o poderoso e tranquilo inconsciente e através deles pode o terapeuta ajudar o paciente a iluminar-se, como dizem os budistas. Agora os juízes: como nos mostrou o desembargador plantonista, usar a MENTIRA, arma privativa das partes em juízo, perdeu a "batalha" e creio que fica desacreditado para exercer essa função, como o terapeuta que tenta usar a MENTIRA contra seu paciente. Sergio Moro, o relator e o presidente da TRF4 me parecem que agem como bons terapeutas. E ainda temos aquele trio no STF com o mais mentiroso Gilmar Mendes e o novo presidente do STF ...

Sigmund Freud

1939:

Sigmund Freud, the founder of modern psychoanalysis, died in London. WRITTEN BY:  Martin Evan Jay See Article History Sigmund Freud AUSTRIAN PSYCHOANALYST BORN May 6, 1856 Pribor, Czechoslovakia DIED September 23, 1939 (aged 83) London, England SUBJECTS OF STUDY human sexual behaviour primitive culture personality Moses dream FOUNDER OF psychoanalysis VIEW BIOGRAPHIES RELATED TOCATEGORIES psychology psychoanalysis neurology DATES May 6 September 23 RELATED BIOGRAPHIES Pierre Janet Carl Jung Albert Ellis Karl Abraham Karen Horney Josef Breuer Wilhelm Reich Sir James George Frazer Morton Prince Anna Freud Sigmund Freud, (born May 6, 1856, Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire [now Příbor, Czech Republic]—died September 23, 1939, London, England), Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis. Freud may justly be called the most influential intellectual legislator of his age. His creation of psychoanalysis was at once a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society. Despite repeated criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud’s work, its spell remained powerful well after his death and in fields far removed from psychology as it is narrowly defined. If, as the American sociologist Philip Rieff once contended, “psychological man” replaced such earlier notions as political, religious, or economic man as the 20th century’s dominant self-image, it is in no small measure due to the power of Freud’s vision and the seeming inexhaustibility of the intellectual legacy he left behind./.../