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Treatment of chronic pain today remains strikingly inadequate, despite better understanding of the underlying pathology and an ever-widening range of therapeutics, according to an overview of the literature. For all the treatment modalities surveyed, only about half of treated patients had a response -- and the reduction in pain was only about 30%, reported Dennis C. Turk, MD, and colleagues from the University of Washington in Seattle./.../ |
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The global burdens of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity are rising, producing enormous losses of life and disability-adjusted life-years in both developed and developing nations.1 Most of these burdens are preventable and are occurring at unnecessarily younger ages, largely owing to suboptimal lifestyle, which includes poor diet quality, excess caloric intake, physical inactivity, and smoking.2–5 Worldwide, striking differences in dietary habits and rates of chronic diseases exist. The identification and targeting of dietary factors with the greatest potential for reducing CVD, DM, and obesity are of major scientific and public health importance. | |
The science of diet and chronic disease is relatively young, spanning perhaps only half a century.6 New advances offer substantial evidence from complementary research paradigms on cardiometabolic effects of specific dietary factors. Several recent evidence-based reviews conducted in conjunction with national and international policy-making efforts provide the context for the present report. The need to prioritize selected foods and overall dietary patterns rather than only individual nutrients, the relevance of carbohydrate and fat quality as well as quantity, the effects and policy implications of sodium consumption, the importance of energy balance, and the role of dietary supplements represent several key findings of interest. Evidence-based insights into successful individual and public health strategies for behavior change are also addressed. Overall, the present report is intended to provide a useful framework for health practitioners and policy makers to understand contemporary issues related to the effects of diet on CVD./.../ |
The risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are thought to be well known, but the relative importance of nature versus nurture continues to be debated. Although sex, family history, and genetic susceptibility are recognized as playing a major role, most attention has focused on lifestyle risk factors because of the substantial clinical benefits achievable—and achieved—by preventing or treating hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. In addition to genetically determined and postnatal risk factors, during the past 2 decades, developmental programming has emerged as a potential determinant of CVD. The concept that adult CVD is influenced by the conditions encountered by the developing fetus in utero originated largely from the observation by Barker and colleagues 1 that low birth weight was associated with increased CVD. This prompted a flurry of epidemiological studies, the majority of which supported the association of birth weight with CVD and hypertension,2,3whereas the association with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains more controversial.4–6 Later studies highlighted the need to differentiate low birth weight resulting from premature birth from true intrauterine growth restriction and established that the CVD risk is in fact associated with birth weight adjusted for gestational length.7/.../ |
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A Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul entende que o controle da violência e da criminalidade passa obrigatoriamente por um trabalho integrado, construÃdo de forma conjunta, sistêmica (em teia, em malha, em rede) entre os órgãos da Segurança Pública (Brigada Militar, PolÃcia Civil, Superintendência de Serviços Penitenciários e Instituto Geral de PerÃcias) e asociedade gaúcha. Partindo dessa premissa, a Secretaria está disponibilizando os dados da criminalidade no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - de |
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PrincÃpios de Direitos HumanosLeia também'Inclusão pode gerar lucro a empresários'
