How to Lose Weight

How to Lose Weight, Mathematically

The Harris-Benedict Equation

Jørgen Veisdal

Nov 4 · 9 min read

The amount of energy expended by animals at rest, including humans, is known as the basal metabolic rate, or BMR. Think of it as the amount of fuel burned every 24 hours to keep your body at 37°C degrees as you sleep. We can estimate the rate for each individual by using the so-called Harris–Benedict equation (Mifflin and St. Jeor, 1990):

Child Obesity Atlas

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: "Both global heating and childhood obesity are suffering from a lack of government leadership, and a hostile commercial envir…

Global Atlas on Childhood Obesity | World Obesity Federation

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Ultraprocessed foods

A New Theory of Obesity

“Ultraprocessed” foods seem to trigger neural signals that make us want more and more calories, unlike other foods in the Western diet

• By Ellen Ruppel Shell | Scientific American October 2019 Issue

Credit: Jamie Chung (photo); Amy Henry (prop styling)

IN BRIEF

• Many nutrition scientists blame overeating fats or carbohydrates for the world's obesity pandemic.
• But new research points to “ultraprocessed” foods such as chicken nuggets and instant soup mixes that dominate modern diets.
• These foods seem to distort signals between the gut and brain that normally tell us we are full, so instead people overeat.

Nutrition researcher Kevin Hall strives to project a Zen-like state of equanimity. In his often contentious field, he says he is more bemused than frustrated by the tendency of other scientists to “cling to pet theories despite overwhelming evidence that they are mistaken.” Some of these experts, he tells me with a sly smile, “have a fascinating ability to rationalize away studies that don’t support their views.”

Sleeping late...

How Sleeping Late Wrecks Your Diet

Eating disorders

Neurobiology of Eating Disorders: Clinical Implications

• Alice Ely, PhD
• Laura A. Berner, PhD
• Christina E. Wierenga, PhD
• Walter H. Kaye, MD

April 29, 2016

Volume: 

33

Issue: 

4

• Special Reports, Eating Disorders, Neuropsychiatry

Figure 1. Neurocircuitry implicated in reward, inhibition, and salience [19-21] Note: Regions in red comprise reward-related neurocircuitry, including the ventral striatum (VS), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Regions in blue constitute the cognitive control pathway and include the dorsal caudate (dCaud), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vl and dlPFC), insula, and parietal lobe. The anterior insula (ant Insula) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in green, make up the salience network.

Figure 2. Activity within the dorsolateral cognitive circuitry associated with decision-making and inhibitory control. Woman recovered from anorexia do not engage reward circuits in the brain in response to money (A), in contrast to healthy women without a history of an eating disorder, who show an increase in brain response in reward circuitry when hungry compared with when satiated. This decreased sensitivity to reward may explain why individuals with anorexia are able to ignore hunger-related urges and starve themselves. Women recovered from anorexia also show increased activation of cognitive “self-control” circuits in the brain (B), perhaps making them more effective in controlling the urge to eat.[1] CW, healthy comparison women; RAN, women recovered from anorexia nervosa. *P < .05; **P < .01; error bars represent the standard error for each group.

Significance for the Practicing Psychiatrist

Eating disorder behaviors can range from dangerous caloric restriction to eating that feels out of control—often combined with unhealthy weight control behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are the most prevalent eating disorders. Diagnostically, anorexia nervosa requires low body weight, intense fear of or behavior that interferes with weight gain, and disturbance in the perception of one’s weight or shape.

Criteria for bulimia nervosa include recurrent binge eating (eating a large amount of food in a discrete period of time accompanied by a sense of loss of control) and actions meant to counteract weight gain (eg, self-induced vomiting), as well as overvaluation of body weight or shape. Binge eating disorder involves recurrent binge eating without inappropriate compensatory behavior. Individuals with eating disorders frequently report extreme body dissatisfaction, anhedonia, anxiety, and difficulty tolerating negative emotions, although these are not required for diagnosis.

The cause of eating disorders remains unknown. Given that eating disorders reflect a discrepancy between the physiological need to eat and the drive to eat, it has been hypothesized that these individuals have a fundamental disturbance of appetite regulation. In recent years, advances in brain imaging have provided new insights into neural pathways that play a role in emotions, reward, salience, and inhibition of eating.Eating Disorders

Bariatric Surgery

Weight-Loss Surgery Dramatically Lowers the Risk of Early Death, a New Study Finds

The latest research suggests that bariatric surgery can have benefits for heart health even beyond weight loss

For decades, doctors have known that losing weight can significantly lower risk of heart disease and by extension, reduce the risk of dying from heart-related events such as stroke and heart attack. Studies have shown that both lifestyle changes including diet and exercise as well as medications and weight-loss surgery can improve heart disease risk factors such as obesity and diabetes, for example, but data supporting the benefits of any of these approaches in actually lowering rates of heart events such as heart attack and atrial fibrillation, or in reducing early deaths from heart disease, have been less robust. The data that do exist come from observational studies or smaller trials./.../

Ketogenic Diet

July 15, 2019

The Ketogenic Diet for Obesity and Diabetes—Enthusiasm Outpaces Evidence

Shivam Joshi, MD^1,2; Robert J. Ostfeld, MD, MSc³; Michelle McMacken, MD^1,2

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA Intern Med. Published online July 15, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2633

The ketogenic diet has recently received much attention for its promise of treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the enthusiasm for its potential benefits exceeds the current evidence supporting its use for these conditions. Although the temptation is great to recommend a potentially novel approach for otherwise difficult-to-treat diseases, it is important to remain grounded in our appraisal of the risks, benefits, and applicability of the diet to avoid unnecessary harm and costs to patients.

++++++++++++++++++++++++

Although the ketogenic diet has garnered much attention for the dietary treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, the evidence supporting its use is currently limited and the diet’s potential risks are real. Physicians and patients should continue to judiciously appraise the benefits and risks of the ketogenic diet in accordance with the evidence, not the hype.

Body Shape vs BMI

Body Shape vs BMI as Risk Predictor in Women

Obesity Epidemic ?

How Health Care Bias Harms Fat Patients Beyond the “obesity epidemic,” fat patients face another public health crisis-bias, disinterest, and… Your Fat Friend6 min read

Visceral Adipose Tessue

VAT Fat May Cause Pathogenic Obesity by Neuroscience News

Study reports type 2 diabetes and other obesity related health disorders depend on how the body stores excess fat. Researchers report visceral adipose tissue may be a cause of pathogenic obesity.

Read more of this post

Visceral fat is nature’s super band-aid. Sometimes called “the abdominal policeman,” a VAT-rich structure called the omentum, a loosely hanging fold of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, sticks to wounds, foreign objects such as shrapnel and infection sites like a bandage full of antibiotics. NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.

Belly Fat

How Exercise Reduces Belly Fat in Humans by Neuroscience News According to researchers, interleukin 6 plays a critical role in how exercise helps to reduce body fat. Read more of this post Neuroscience News | December 27, 2018 at 1:05 pm | Tags: Cell Press, cholesterol, interleukin 6, tocilizumab, visceral fat tissue | URL: https://wp.me/p4sXNK-dO4

Por onde sai a gordura?

Você não vai acreditar por onde a gordura “queimada” sai do seu corpo

Por Juliana Blume, em 26.12.2018

O cientistas australiano Ruben Meerman, mais conhecido como O Cientista Surfista, foi surfar em uma praia de Fiji em 2012. Ele se divertiu bastante, tirou muitas fotos, e em uma delas notou que sua barriga estava muito maior do que ele gostaria. “Então eu fiz o que eles mandam, e comi menos e me mexi mais, e em apenas três meses descobri que perdi 6kg”, conta ele em uma palestra do TEDxQUT.

Mas para onde foi a massa que ele perdeu? Todo mundo aprendeu nas aulas de química que “nada se cria, nada se perde, tudo se transforma”. Mas a gordura se transformou em o que, exatamente, e em qual proporção?