Passive Smoking

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE January 17, 2014

Contact: HHS Press Office 202-205-0143

Surgeon General report says 5.6 million U.S. children will die prematurely unless current smoking rates drop

Report also finds cigarette smoking causes diabetes and colorectal cancer

Approximately 5.6 million American children alive today – or one out of every 13 children under age 18 – will die prematurely from smoking-related diseases unless current smoking rates drop, according to a new Surgeon General’s report.

Over the last 50 years, more than 20 million Americans have died from smoking. The new report concludes that cigarette smoking kills nearly half a million Americans a year, with an additional 16 million suffering from smoking-related conditions. It puts the price tag of smoking in this country at more than $289 billion a year in direct medical care and other economic costs.

Today’s report, The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General, comes a half century after the historic 1964 Surgeon General’s report, which concluded that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. Since that time, smoking has been identified as a cause of serious diseases of nearly all the body’s organs. Today, scientists add diabetes, colorectal and liver cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, erectile dysfunction, age-related macular degeneration, and other conditions to the list of diseases that cigarette smoking causes. In addition, the report concludes that secondhand smoke exposure is now known to cause strokes in nonsmokers.

“Smokers today have a greater risk of developing lung cancer than they did when the first Surgeon General’s report was released in 1964, even though they smoke fewer cigarettes,” said Acting Surgeon General Boris Lushniak, M.D., M.P.H. “How cigarettes are made and the chemicals they contain have changed over the years, and some of those changes may be a factor in higher lung cancer risks. Of all forms of tobacco, cigarettes are the most deadly – and cause medical and financial burdens for millions of Americans.”

Twenty years ago male smokers were about twice as likely as female smokers to die early from smoking-related disease. The new report finds that women are now dying at rates as high as men from many of these diseases, including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart disease. In fact, death from COPD is now greater in women than in men.

“Today, we’re asking Americans to join a sustained effort to make the next generation a tobacco-free generation,” said Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. “This is not something the federal government can do alone. We need to partner with the business community, local elected officials, schools and universities, the medical community, the faith community, and committed citizens in communities across the country to make the next generation tobacco free.”

Although youth smoking rates declined by half between 1997 and 2011, each day another 3,200 children under age 18 smoke their first cigarette, and another 2,100 youth and young adults become daily smokers. Every adult who dies prematurely from smoking is replaced by two youth and young adult smokers.

The report concludes that the tobacco industry started and sustained this epidemic using aggressive marketing strategies to deliberately mislead the public about the harms of smoking. The evidence in the report emphasizes the need to accelerate and sustain successful tobacco control efforts that have been underway for decades.

“Over the last 50 years tobacco control efforts have saved 8 million lives but the job is far from over,” said HHS Assistant Secretary for Health Howard K. Koh, M.D., M.P.H. “This report provides the impetus to accelerate public health and clinical strategies to drop overall smoking rates to less than 10% in the next decade. Our nation is now at a crossroads, and we must choose to end the tobacco epidemic once and for all.”

The Obama Administration’s ongoing efforts to end the tobacco epidemic include enactment of the landmark Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, which gives FDA regulatory authority over tobacco products; significant expansion of tobacco cessation coverage through the Affordable Care Act to help encourage and support quitting; new Affordable Care Act investments in tobacco prevention campaigns like the “Tips from Former Smokers” campaign to raise awareness of the long-term health effects of smoking and encourage quitting; and increases in the cost of cigarettes resulting from the federal excise tax increase in the Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act.

To help communicate the report findings as widely as possible, the Surgeon General unveiled an

easy-to-read consumer guide with practical information on tobacco use and a 30-second public service announcement video.

For the full report, executive summary, consumer guide and PSA, visithttp://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/index.html.

For free help quitting smoking, smokers can call 1-800-QUIT-NOW or visit www.smokefree.gov or www.cdc.gov/tips.

tobacco's harm to CV health

Global ignorance of tobacco's harm to cardiovascular health costing lives - EurekAlert!
April 23, 2012

New study presented at the World Congress of Cardiology organized by the World Heart Federation

A report released today at the World Heart Federation World Congress of Cardiology in Dubai reveals significant gaps in public awareness regarding the cardiovascular risks of tobacco use and secondhand smoke. The report, entitled "Cardiovascular harms from tobacco use and secondhand smoke", was commissioned by the World Heart Federation and written by the International Tobacco Control Project (ITC Project), in collaboration with the Tobacco Free Initiative at the World Health Organization.

According to the report, half of all Chinese smokers and one-third of Indian and Vietnamese smokers are unaware that smoking causes heart disease. Across a wide range of countries, including India, Uruguay, South Korea and Poland, around half of all smokers – and over 70 per cent of all Chinese smokers – do not know that smoking causes stroke. Awareness of the risk of secondhand smoke is even lower. In Vietnam, nearly 90 per cent of smokers and non-smokers are unaware that secondhand smoke causes heart disease. In China, 57 per cent of smokers and non-smokers are unaware of the link. Even in countries with well-developed health systems and tobacco control regulation – such as Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia – between a third and a half of smokers do not know that secondhand smoke can damage cardiovascular health.

Professor Geoffrey T. Fong at the University of Waterloo, Canada, and Chief Principal Investigator of the ITC Project, commented, "This report shows a broad correlation between poor knowledge of the risks of tobacco use and high levels of smoking prevalence. To break this link and reduce the deadly toll of tobacco, more needs to be done to increase awareness of the specific health harms. Our research shows that the risks of tobacco use to lung health are very widely accepted. But we need to attain the same level of knowledge and awareness that tobacco use can cause heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease and secondhand smoke can cause heart attack. Health warning labels are known to be an effective method for educating the public on the health harms of tobacco products. A number of countries have introduced warnings about the increased risk of heart disease or heart attack, but no country has yet implemented a label to warn people that secondhand smoke causes heart disease. Increasing knowledge of these specific health risks will help encourage smokers to quit and help non-smokers protect themselves, so raising awareness is an important step in reducing people's exposure to tobacco smoke."

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the world's leading cause of death, killing 17.3 million people every year. Eighty per cent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, which are increasingly being targeted by the tobacco industry. Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure causes about one-tenth of global deaths from CVD. Even smoking a few cigarettes a day significantly increases the risk of heart disease. Smokeless tobacco products have also been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of heart disease by 25

Source: EurekAlert!

Thirdhand Smoke

'Thirdhand Smoke' May Be Bigger Health Hazard Than Previously Believed

ScienceDaily (Jan. 12, 2011) — Scientists are reporting that so-called "thirdhand smoke" -- the invisible remains of cigarette smoke that deposits on carpeting, clothing, furniture and other surfaces -- may be even more of a health hazard than previously believed. The study, published in ACS' journal,Environmental Science & Technology, extends the known health risks of tobacco among people who do not smoke but encounter the smoke exhaled by smokers or released by smoldering cigarette butts./.../

Scientists are reporting that so-called "thirdhand smoke" -- the invisible remains of cigarette smoke that deposits on carpeting, clothing, furniture and other surfaces -- may be even more of a health hazard than previously believed. (Credit: iStockphoto/Rosemarie Gearhart)enlarge

Advertência: Fumo passivo faz mal para o coração!

Visão geral das evidências sobre malefícios da exposição passiva ao fumo.

International Smoking Statistics

 ISS Second Edition
The 2^nd edition included data up to 1995, and was published by OUP in 2002:

A Collection of historical data from thirty economically developed countries. Second Edition
Edited by Barbara Forey, Jan Hamling and Peter Lee all of P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd and Nicholas Wald of the Wolfson Institute of Preventitive Medicine, London.

                                 More information about the second edition

    Read a review    International Journal of Epidemiology (Book Reviews April 2004) 
                                 ( Review by Debbie A Lawlor)

---

ISS WEB Edition
© Barbara Forey, Jan Hamling, John Hamling, Peter Lee, 2006-2011

This work is copyright. It may be reproduced or quoted in whole or in part for study or research purposes, subject to inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source. It may not be reproduced for purposes other than those above or sold without written permission from the authors.

It is planned to publish a WEB Edition chapter for each country separately over the next few years.
The published WEB Edition chapters contain the most recently available data and are available to download as PDF and Excel files.
 

Latest WEB Edition update: 20-Jan-2011

 Download WEB Edition chapters and see the publication schedule.

Join the mailing list to be informed of future updates.                                                   

If you are aware of other relevant data sources that we have not included, please contact us so that the data can be considered for inclusion in future editions.

third hand smoking

Correspondence to

1. Georg E Matt, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-4611, USA; gmatt@sciences.sdsu.edu

Abstract

Background This study examined whether thirdhand smoke (THS) persists in smokers' homes after they move out and non-smokers move in, and whether new non-smoking residents are exposed to THS in these homes.

Methods The homes of 100 smokers and 50 non-smokers were visited before the residents moved out. Dust, surfaces, air and participants' fingers were measured for nicotine and children's urine samples were analysed for cotinine. The new residents who moved into these homes were recruited if they were non-smokers. Dust, surfaces, air and new residents' fingers were examined for nicotine in 25 former smoker and 16 former non-smoker homes. A urine sample was collected from the youngest resident.

Results Smoker homes' dust, surface and air nicotine levels decreased after the change of occupancy (p<0.001); however dust and surfaces showed higher contamination levels in former smoker homes than former non-smoker homes (p<0.05). Non-smoking participants' finger nicotine was higher in former smoker homes compared to former non-smoker homes (p<0.05). Finger nicotine levels among non-smokers living in former smoker homes were significantly correlated with dust and surface nicotine and urine cotinine.

Conclusions These findings indicate that THS accumulates in smokers' homes and persists when smokers move out even after homes remain vacant for 2 months and are cleaned and prepared for new residents. When non-smokers move into homes formerly occupied by smokers, they encounter indoor environments with THS polluted surfaces and dust. Results suggest that non-smokers living in former smoker homes are exposed to THS in dust and on surfaces.

Passive Smoking Worldwide

From Tobacco Info No. 4 - February 2011
Summary - Homepage - Free subscription

WHO study finds passive smoking kills 600,000 worldwide

The first ever global study into the effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) found that it is the root cause of over 600,000 deaths per year worldwide. Some 165,000 or more than a quarter of those deaths are children who are often exposed to what is commonly referred to as ‘passive smoking’ at home.

“Smokers are putting not only themselves at risk, but also 1.8 billion non-smokers,” wrote the World Health Organization (WHO) in a November press release. “In 2004, 40% of children, 33% of male non-smokers and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to SHS worldwide.”

humo de segunda mano le hace daño a su corazón

El humo de segunda mano presenta una amenaza grave e inmediata para el corazón. Hacer cumplir las prohibiciones de fumar protege el corazón de las personas. Atención: El humo de segunda mano le hace daño a su corazón se enfoca en el vínculo entre el tabaco y las enfermedades del corazón. Basado en las conclusiones del reciente informe del Instituto de Medicina sobre los efectos cardiovasculares del humo de segunda mano, el cortometraje resume las conclusiones de un creciente cuerpo de evidencia que ilustra los mecanismos fisiológicos de este daño y ofrece pruebas sobre el impacto de las prohibiciones de fumar en la salud del corazón. Explorando las implicaciones de esta evidencia por su uso tanto en el trabajo como en la sociedad, el video reconoce a los cardiólogos que están tomando medidas para proteger la salud del corazón de los efectos devastadores del tabaco. Un proyecto de la Global Smokefree Partnership, el video fue hecho a través del esfuerzo conjunto de sus socios Roswell Park Cancer Institute, World Heart Federation, World Lung Federation y los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (EE.UU). El video fue posible gracias al apoyo financiero del Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute.

Stop Smoking Around Me

Stop Smoking Around Me

www.youtube.com

A Public Service Announcement that highlights the dangers of smoking around children. Produced by PAHO and Brazilian cartoonist Mauricio de Sousa.

Monday at 2:49pm · Comment ·  · Share · Flag

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects

Making Sense of the Evidence

Secondhand Smoke Exposure
and Cardiovascular Effects

This October 2009 report, Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects, reviews available scientific literature to assess the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and acute coronary events.

Findings in the report indicate that there is about a 25 to 30 percent increase

Smoking while pregnant: behavioural problems in children

Developing structure and function of the foetal brain at risk, research suggests.

• Owen Bowcott
• The Guardian, Tuesday 3 November 2009
• Article history

A woman smoking while pregnant. Photograph: Daniel Berehulak/Getty

Smoking during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of having a child with behavioural problems, according to research published today. Disturbances can manifest themselves in children as young as three years old, the study in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health claims./.../

Exposure to Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Cigarette Smoke

Cardiovascular Mortality and Exposure to Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Cigarette Smoke. Shape of the Exposure-Response Relationship

C. Arden Pope III PhD^*, Richard T. Burnett PhD, Daniel Krewski PhD, Michael Jerrett PhD, Yuanli Shi MD, Eugenia E. Calle PhD, and Michael J. Thun MD

From Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah (C.A.P.); Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.T.B.); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K., Y.S.); University of California, Berkeley (M.J.); and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga (E.E.C., M.J.T.).

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cap3@byu.edu.

Background—Fine particulate matter exposure from both ambient air pollution and secondhand cigarette smoke has beenassociated with larger risks of cardiovascular mortality than would be expected on the basis of linear extrapolations of therelative risks from active smoking. This study directly assessed the shape of the exposure-response relationship between cardiovascular mortality and fine particulates from cigarette smoke and ambient air pollution.

Methods and Results—Prospective cohort data for >1 million adults were collected by the American Cancer Society as part of the Cancer Prevention Study II in1982. Cox proportional hazards regression models that included variables for increments of cigarette smoking and variables to control for education, marital status, body mass, alcohol consumption, occupational exposures, and diet were used to describe the mortality experience of the cohort. Adjusted relative risks of mortality were plotted against estimated average daily dose of fine particulate matter from cigarette smoke along with comparison estimates for secondhand cigarette smoke and air pollution. There were substantially increased cardiovascular mortality risks at very low levels of active cigarette smoking and smaller but significant excess risks even at the much lower exposure levels associated with secondhand cigarette smoke and ambient air pollution.

Conclusions—Relatively low levels of fine particulate exposure from either air pollution or secondhand cigarette smoke are sufficient to induce adverse biologicalresponses increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. The exposure-response relationship between cardiovascular disease mortality and fine particulate matter is relatively steep at low levels of exposure and flattens out at higher exposures.

Fumo de terceira mão

Todos nós conhecemos os inúmeros malefícios relacionados ao tabagismo ativo e passivo. Mais recentemente, foi criado um novo conceito relacionado ao tabagismo: o "fumo de terceira mão" (thirdhand smoke).

Este termo refere-se à contaminação da fumaça dos derivados do tabaco que se prolonga nos ambientes, muito depois de alguém parar de fumar, permanecendo em nossas roupas depois que deixamos um restaurante, bar ou boate frequentados por fumantes.

Coronary Heart Disease Attributable to

Coronary Heart Disease Attributable to Passive Smoking: CHD Policy Model

James M. Lightwood, PhD, Pamela G. Coxson, PhD, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, MD, Lawrence W. Williams, MS, Lee Goldman, MD

Background: Passive smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), and existing estimates are out of date due to recent and substantial changes in the level of exposure.

Objective: To estimate the annual clinical burden and cost of CHD treatment attributable to passive smoking.

Outcome measures:

Annual attributable CHD deaths, myocardial infarctions (MI), total CHD events, and the direct cost of CHD treatment.

Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation estimated the CHD events and costs as a function of the prevalence of CHD risk factors, including passive-smoking prevalence and a low (1.26) and high (1.65) relative risk of CHD due to passive smoking. Estimates were calculated using the CHD Policy Model, calibrated to reproduce key CHD outcomes in the baseline Year 2000 in the U.S.

Results: At 1999–2004 levels, passive smoking caused 21,800 (SE
2400) to 75,100 (SE
8000) CHD deaths and 38,100 (SE
4300) to 128,900 (SE
14,000) MIs annually, with a yearly CHD

treatment cost of $1.8 (SE
$0.2) to $6.0 (SE
$0.7) billion. If recent trends in the reduction in the prevalence of passive smoking continue from 2000 to 2008, the burden would be reduced by approximately 25%–30%.

Conclusions: Passive smoking remains a substantial clinical and economic burden in the U.S.

(Am J Prev Med 2009;xx(x):xxx) © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Smokers banned from fostering

(Apud ASH Daily)

Last Modified: 04 Nov 2008
Source: PA News

A controversial new policy to ban smokers from fostering children has been passed by a London council.

The ban, which was passed unanimously at a cabinet meeting of Redbridge Council, means that children in the east London borough will not be placed with foster carers who smoke after January 2010.

Councillors say the move is crucial in protecting children from the harmful effects of passive smoking, but concerns have been raised that the ban could reduce the number of loving foster homes available to vulnerable children.

Speaking after the meeting, the cabinet member for children, Tory councillor Michael Stark, said: "We know this is a difficult issue because some people will feel it is an intrusion on personal freedoms, but we also know that smoking increases the risk of serious illness in childhood.

"The bottom line is that we must put the welfare of young children in our care first."/.../

Fumo passivo: R$37 milhões

Mídia do Dia: 31/10/2008
Data de Veiculação: 31/10/2008 

Fumo passivo custa R$ 37 mi

Veículo: A Crítica

Seção: Brasil

Data: 31/10/2008

Estado: AM



O governo gasta R$ 37 milhões por ano com tratamento de saúde e pensões pagas pela morte de vítimas de doenças provocada pelo tabagismo passivo. Esse cálculo foi feito pelo estudo "Impacto do Custo de Doenças relacionadas com o tabagismo passivo no Brasil", pesquisa econômica encomendada pelo Instituto Nacional do Câncer à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e divulgado ontem pela manhã.

O estudo teve como base a estimativa entre "mortalidade atribuível ao tabagismo passivo no Brasil", que calculou que 2.655 não fumantes morrem todo o ano no País em conseqüência de doenças isquêmicas do coração, principalmente enfarte, acidente vascular cerebral e câncer de pulmão - as três principais doenças relacionadas ao fumo.

Dos R$ 37 milhões, R$ 19,15 milhões referem-se aos gastos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e R$ 18 milhões são pagos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS).

Ambientes de Trabalho Livres de Fumo

Ambientes de Trabalho Livres de Fumo

Manual para tornar sua empresa mais segura e saudável

Este documento traduzido pela ACT é um projeto da Global Smokefree Partnership(Parceria Global para Ambientes Livres do Fumo), uma iniciativa formada em 2005 para promover a política de ambiente livre de fumo em todo o mundo. Os parceiros incluem mais de 500 organizações e indivíduos, em mais de 60 países, e é administrada pela American Cancer Society e pela Framework Convention Alliance. O manual aborda as principais estratégias para tornar um ambiente de trabalho livre de fumo e como implementá-las, monitorá-las e avaliá-las, além de trazer casos de sucesso de empresas que aderiram a política de ambiente livre de fumo.

Clique aqui e baixe o arquivo na íntegra

Mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease attributable to passive smoking

Mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease attributable to passive smoking
Jan Heidrich, Jürgen Wellmann, Peter U. Heuschmann, Klaus Kraywinkel and Ulrich Keil*
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany

Received 20 October 2006; revised 14 March 2007; accepted 5 April 2007.

* Corresponding author: Tel: +49 251 8355396/7; fax: +49 251 8355300. E-mail address: keilu@uni-muenster.de

Aims: Passive smoking is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study estimates CHD mortality and morbidity attributable to passive smoking in Germany and demonstrates variations in the number of estimated deaths depending on underlying assumptions.

Methods and results: Prevalence of passive smoking from the German National Health Survey, CHD deaths from national mortality statistics, number of incident CHD cases, and relative risks from meta-analyses were used to estimate mortality and morbidity from passive smoking applying the concept of population attributable risk. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to investigate the impact of different assumptions in terms of exposure definition, relative risk, and population at risk on estimated mortality. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home accounts for 2148 [approximate 95% confidence interval (CI) 1471–2736] deaths from CHD and 3776 (95% CI 2588–4800) incident CHD cases among non-smokers every year in Germany. In sensitivity analyses, consideration of exposure to ETS at work and at any location yielded 2597 (95% CI 1784–3295) and 8970 (95% CI 6252–11 243) attributable CHD deaths, respectively. Applying different populations at risk showed a range of 1174 (95% CI 803–1494) to 13 792 (95% CI 9655–17 225) attributable deaths from CHD.

Conclusion: The estimated burden of passive smoking heavily depends on the definition of underlying parameters. Using an evidence-based approach reveals a substantial burden of passive smoking in terms of CHD mortality and morbidity reflected by six CHD deaths and 10 incident CHD cases every day in Germany.