3.164 - AMICOR (26)

 3.164 - AMICOR (26)

#Com Valderês A. Robinson Achutti(*13/06/1931+15/06/2021)

Namoro que só durou setenta anos...

#Re-Publicando artigos antigos meus

COMUNICAÇÃO 2007…

Aloyzio Achutti – Médico.

Fazendo um retrospecto do ano que se extingue, salienta-se a importância da comunicação em nossas vidas. Comemoramos meio século da RBS e de nossa primeira rádio universitária do Brasil. Também foi noticiado o crescimento vertiginoso do uso da Internet em nosso meio e a inauguração da TV digital. Telefonia celular além de se incorporar no dia a dia do cidadão comum, tem se revelado eficiente meio de comunicação capaz de atravessar muros de presídios e, do outro lado, excelente espião para vigilância policial. Completaram dez anos a rede AMICOR (comunicando principalmente cardiologistas a partir de nossa cidade), e sua assemelhada Pro-COR, sediada em Boston. Sem limites geográficos, revistas científicas, enciclopédias, bibliotecas, bancos de dados, fóruns de discussão, congressos virtuais, todo o tipo de notícias, fotos, vídeos, bancos, comércio e correio eletrônicos, tudo vai ficando ao alcance de quase todo o mundo...

A salvaguarda da privacidade deve ter algum sentido, mas, ao mesmo tempo, somos dotados de múltiplos instrumentos sensoriais com potencialidade de romper nosso isolamento individual em busca da comunicação. É bem provável que as conquistas humanas estejam baseadas primordialmente nessa faculdade de colocar cérebros em rede – agora com as facilidades tecnológicas - resultando em muito mais do que a simples soma da potencialidade de cada um. Na medida em que conhecimento e afeto se comunicam também se potencializam, se diversificam e deveriam se purificar.

Par a par com muita coisa boa, não se pode mais fugir do submundo da violência, das guerras, do terrorismo, dos seqüestros, dos atentados, dos homens bomba, das catástrofes, das drogas, do crime, da corrupção, da mentira, da pornografia, da propaganda enganosa, do populismo político, das máfias, do proselitismo religioso.

Pergunta-se: o mundo piorou, ou a facilidade da comunicação está nos desvendando o lado negro da alma humana, até bem pouco somente livre para operar na sombra da clandestinidade? É provável que ambas as explicações sejam válidas.

É inadmissível e altamente comprometedora a desculpa do “eu não sabia de nada”. Embora a mídia esteja progressivamente assumindo funções de controle social, não se dispensa a responsabilidade de governo no desempenho de seu papel de ofício.

Não se pode também banalizar a sem-vergonhice, os desmandos e a violência, adotando-os como norma ou como moda aceitável, recebendo a informação dos desvios de comportamento como propaganda ética e politicamente aceitável, assim como se fazia até bem pouco tempo com o cigarro e ainda se faz hoje com a cerveja, o comportamento de risco, o consumismo e a velocidade sem limites.

Embora ainda se discuta sobre a globalização econômica e cultural - como se pode observar de ano para ano - a universalização da comunicação é irreversível, e deverá influir não só na conduta de cada cidadão, como na organização social e na estrutura e política dos governos.

#AMIGO, REENCONTRO

Nossa filha Dra. Ana Lúcia Robinson Achutti, levou-me ao cemitério para abraçar familiares de uma ex-cliente nossa, e encontramos Dr. Lenine Cunha que há anos não o via. É da primeira turma de Medicina da UFSM, Radiologista. Foi casado com colega de turma da Dra. Valderês (FAMED 1960), Dra. Réa Nunes. Fomos também muito amigos do irmão dele, Arquiteto Luiz Carlos Cunha, em cujo velório casualmente o encontramos. Participamos de um grupo de profissionais interessados em recuperação do antigo centro da Cidade de Porto Alegre, e do aproveitamento da orla do Guaiba. O projeto, da década de 80, chamava-se INDURB.

#LUIZ EDUARDO com seu médico Dr.JONATHAS STIFFT

Felizes com bons resultados do tratamento...

Aproveitando: "Mural que fizeram da minha foto de 40 anos atrás". Exposição

#OUR WORLD IN DATA

Our recent publications

Most children die from preventable causes To make progress against child mortality, we need to know what children are dying from. In the chart, you can see global estimates from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in 2019. The size of each box corresponds to the number of children under five years old who die from each cause. Infectious diseases, shown on the left, were most common, killing an estimated 2.17 million children annually. This includes respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, malaria and meningitis. Next were birth disorders, such as preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia (suffocation), and trauma, which together caused an estimated 1.88 million deaths. Several other causes, such as heart abnormalities and malnutrition, were also responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths. These figures are astonishing because many of these causes are preventable. With vaccination, basic medication, rehydration treatment, nutrition supplementation, and neonatal healthcare, a large share of child deaths could be prevented. On our new page, you can find all of our data, visualizations, and writing about child and infant mortality.

Explore our featured work

Many countries have decoupled economic growth from CO2 emissions — even if we take offshored production into account Does reducing CO2 emissions mean sacrificing economic growth? Or can we “decouple” the two, by both growing the economy and reducing emissions? The answer is yes: many countries have managed to achieve economic growth while reducing emissions. You can see several examples in the chart: it shows the change in annual CO2 emissions and GDP per capita since 1990. In these countries, GDP has increased over the last 30 years while emissions have fallen. You can also see the data without per capita adjustments. But is this all due to offshoring production overseas — transferring emissions to manufacturing economies such as China and India? In the chart, we see that consumption-based CO2 emissions — which adjust for emissions from goods that are imported or exported — have also fallen. It’s true that some emissions have been offshored overseas, but that is not the only driver of the decline. In this article, we describe the decoupling of economic growth and emissions and why it’s been possible.

Only a small share of plastic gets recycled

Children across the world receive very different amounts of quality learning

#Quanta Magazine

PHYSIOLOGY | ALL TOPICS   In the Gut’s ‘Second Brain,’ Key Agents of Health Emerge By YASEMIN SAPLAKOGLU Sitting alongside the neurons in your enteric nervous system are underappreciated glial cells, which play key roles in digestion and disease that scientists only are just starting to understand. Read the article ALGORITHMS   Researchers Refute a Widespread Belief About Online Algorithms By MADISON GOLDBERG Three computer scientists have disproved a long-standing conjecture about a fundamental problem involving imperfect information. Read the article Related:  How Randomness Improves Algorithms By Ben Brubaker QUANTIZED ACADEMY   Pierre de Fermat’s Link to a High Schooler’s Prime Math Proof By PATRICK HONNER Pierre de Fermat’s “little theorem” is less famous than his last one, but it helped mathematicians discover a class of almost-prime numbers called Carmichael numbers. Read the column Related:  Teenager Solves Stubborn Riddle About Prime Number Look-Alikes By Jordana Cepelewicz (2022) QUANTA SCIENCE PODCAST   To Move Fast, Quantum Maze Solvers Must Forget the Past By BEN BRUBAKER; Podcast hosted by SUSAN VALOT If you’ve ever entered a room, and then completely forgotten how you got there, you may have something in common with a quantum computer. Listen to the podcast Read the article IN CASE YOU MISSED IT   When Computers Write Proofs, What's the Point of Mathematicians? Video by CHRISTOPHER WEBB YOUNG and EMILY BUDER The number theorist Andrew Granville knows that AI will profoundly change math. That's why he's started talking to philosophers about the nature of mathematical proof.  Watch the video Read the interview Around the Web The Incredible Shrinking Exoplanets A new study suggests that some exoplanets’ blazing hot cores can cause them to lose their atmosphere and shrink, reports Isaac Schultz for Gizmodo. That could explain why the size distribution of observed planets has a curious gap in it. Very few planets are between 1.5 and two times the size of Earth. In 2019, Rebecca Boyle wrote for Quanta about this puzzle and the possible solutions that astronomers were mulling over.

#AMRIGS em foco

Foi durnte minha gestão como Diretor Científico da AMRIGS que foi criado o exame.

1970 - Na cabeceira da mesa Dr. Luiz Alberto Fagundes, Presidente, Eu, Aloyzio, na extrema direita. Quase todos os demais colegas, falecidos.

#ELSEVIER

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Volume 210, January 2024, Pages 65-74

Epigenetic and “redoxogenetic” adaptation to physical exercise

Abstract

Exercise-induced adaptation is achieved by altering the epigenetic landscape of the entire genome leading to the expression of genes involved in various processes including regulatory, metabolic, adaptive, immune, and myogenic functions. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the methylation pattern/levels of promoter/enhancer is not linearly correlated with gene expression and proteome levels during physical activity implying a level of complexity and interplay with other regulatory modulators. It has been shown that a higher level of physical fitness is associated with a slower DNA methylation-based aging clock. There is strong evidence supporting exercise-induced ROS being a key regulatory mediator through overlapping events, both as signaling entities and through oxidative modifications to various protein mediators and DNA molecules. ROS generated by physical activity shapes epigenome both directly and indirectly, a complexity we are beginning to unravel within the epigenetic arrangement. Oxidative modification of guanine to 8-oxoguanine is a non-genotoxic alteration, does not distort DNA helix and serves as an epigenetic-like mark. The reader and eraser of oxidized guanine is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, contributing to changes in gene expression. In fact, it can modulate methylation patterns of promoters/enhancers consequently leading to multiple phenotypic changes. Here, we provide evidence and discuss the potential roles of exercise-induced ROS in altering cytosine methylation patterns during muscle adaptation processes.

Author links open overlay panel, , , , , , , , 

3.163 - AMICOR (26)

 3.163 AMICOR (26) em construção

#Com Dra. Valderês A. Robinson Achutti (*13/06/1931+15/06/2021)

Em Machu-Pichu 14/11/1977 (Peru)

#Republicando artigos Antigos meus

AFINAL, QUEM SOMOS NÓS?

Aloyzio Achutti. Médico.

Vários pretextos justificam a pergunta. Nossa identidade aparente como indivíduos independentes - algumas vezes fragilizados, outras arrogantes - precisa ser repensada. Não passamos de um dos elementos de uma enorme rede interdependente que se entrelaça e se estende, à custa de trocas e de serviços de iguais, de muitos outros seres, e com o ambiente onde vivemos. Estamos neste mundo naturalmente globalizados, não  esquecendo também nossas outras dimensões e relações cósmicas.

Nossa curta visão desarmada e imediatista é pobre e ingênua, pois facilmente nos iludimos colocando o começo e o fim de tudo em nos mesmos, em nosso tempo e nosso espaço corporal.

Poucas gerações para trás e já não conhecemos mais ninguém da família. É preciso um esforço científico para aceitar nossa inserção como um simples elo a mais, numa cadeia com cerca de mais de duzentos milhões de anos, fruto da evolução vital a partir de bactérias primitivas, ao recuarmos mais três bilhões de anos.

Não precisamos ir tão longe. Alimentamo-nos, vestimos e andamos com produtos de uma cadeia interminável e interdependente, onde alguém plantou, cuidou da semente ou do animal, preparou a terra que foi adubada por mais alguém, o fruto foi transportado para o mercado onde alguém mais o comercializou, outro o controla, faz propaganda, cobra impostos, limpa o ambiente, cuida da segurança e da ordenação social, e assim por diante. Embora quase todos visíveis e palpáveis, não nos damos conta desta cadeia interminável de agentes e coisas de nosso dia a dia.  

Fica mais complicado quando nos lembram ser maior o número de germes (dez trilhões) em nosso corpo, do que de células (um trilhão) que o compõe. Embora não vejamos os micro-organismos a olho nu, sem eles não conseguimos viver. Eles processam nossos alimentos até fazê-los assimiláveis e úteis para nossas células, elaboram vitaminas, enviam-nos mensagens, modulam nosso sistema imunitário, mantém o equilíbrio na selva onde estamos mergulhados, protegem-nos de intrusos, recolhem nossos restos e remendam nossos estragos, mas levam a pecha de inimigos que precisam ser destruídos.

São nossos genes e os dos germes nossos amigos que comandam todas as funções vitais. Enquanto nossas células usam cerca de trinta mil genes, eles dispõem de cem vezes mais e estão constantemente em interação conosco, inclusive oportunizando trocas deste material genético. Assim é que, conforme alguns cientistas somos de um a no máximo dez por cento humanos...

Para melhor viver e compreender tantas questões polêmicas, como a do controle da venda de antibióticos para evitar a resistência bacteriana, a da proteção do equilíbrio ambiental, e a do convívio dentro desta extensa e conturbada colônia humana, é preciso pensar na resposta para a pergunta sobre quem realmente somos procurando uma inserção mais compatível no contexto global. 

#TIME

Introducing the TIME100 Climate Today we launched the TIME100 Climate list of the most influential people shaping how businesses tackle climate change. To identify the true change-makers, TIME’s editors spent months with our in-house climate experts at TIME CO2 to vet nominations from across the economy and around the globe. In total, the list represents individuals from 28 different countries. In line with the latest scientific and economic thinking, we prioritized nominees from five systems most crucial to change: energy, nature, finance, culture, and health. Unsurprisingly, an overwhelming number of individuals are making waves in transforming our world’s energy system—the largest source of fossil fuel emissions. It was also fascinating to learn about the many cultural initiatives taking place, from Billie Eilish’s push to decarbonize her music to Francis Kéré's influential sustainable architecture. And while there are fewer people featured in the health space, it’s an area that’s only going to become more critical to address—not just because of the industry’s emissions contribution but because it’s clear rising temperatures are already affecting our wellbeing. READ MORE »

WHAT ELSE TO KNOW Inside COP28’s Big ‘Experiment’ What happens when you put a fossil fuel executive in charge of solving climate change? That’s the question TIME’s Justin Worland tackles in his profile of Sultan Al Jaber who is presiding over the U.N. COP28 climate conference to be held in Dubai next month. READ MORE » ​​Affordable Carbon Capture? My colleague Alejandro De La Garza reports on a new breakthrough in carbon removal technology from Graphyte. The Gates-backed startup that claims to have found a way to trap carbon emissions and store them underground for just $100/ton—considered to be the cost threshold to make this technology successful. READ MORE » Don’t Believe the Hype A new paper published in scientific journal Cell challenges the hype around high-profile oceans plastics clean program, saying that we need to prioritize reductions of upstream plastic production instead. READ MORE » The Australian Open Australia is offering residency to people from the low-lying Pacific Island nation of Tuvalu who have been affected by climate change in what could be a global first for recognizing the rights of climate refugees. READ MORE » No Escape Climate change is hitting every part of Americans' daily lives, according to the latest U.S. National Climate Assessment. This is “unequivocally” the result of fossil fuel pollution it says. READ MORE »

This edition was by Aryn Baker, with the data point by Kyla Mandel, and edited by Kyla, and Elijah Wolfson. We welcome any feedback at climate@time.com. #Le TEMPS Le fait du jour: Emmanuel Macron fait un clin d’œil européen à la Suisse Peter Klaunzer/Keytone via AP Pourquoi c’est important: Emmanuel Macron s’est adressé aux plus méfiants des Suisses envers l’Europe lors du premier jour de sa visite d’Etat: «Vous ne le savez peut-être pas encore, mais vous êtes des Européens!». Plusieurs points précis ont été abordés à Berne, des relations européennes à la fuite des soignants français.  Ce qu’il faut en retenir #Delanceyplace Today's selection -- from Your Brain on Art: How the Arts Transform Us by Susan Magsamen and Ivy Ross. The physiological impact of music on the human body: “A cardiologist [at Stanford] named Sean Wu had been puzzling over a question about the [heart]'s structure. He wanted to generate heart tissue in the lab in order to create models that would help explain certain cardiac diseases. Eventually, he hoped to be able to create heart patches for patients with weak cardiac walls or with damage from heart attacks.  “With more than an estimated 37 trillion human cells in our body to work with, scientists are having excellent success generating human tissue in the lab, for everything from brains and bladders to muscle and skin. This new field known as biomaterial design is merging the disciplines of materials engineering and biology in order to grow tissue outside of the body in a lab.  “Heart cells are special, though. First, they are incredibly complex and challenging to create. Heart cells are also densely packed, which allows them to work in tandem and beat. If they are designed too far apart they won't sync. Too close together, they could smother and die. And so, from an engineering perspective, hearts are the Taj Mahal, the Empire State Building, of organs. You may imagine what you want to build, but you need incredible structural engineering to make it happen.  “A colleague at Stanford, an acoustic bioengineer named Utkan Demirci, had an idea for Wu. Move the heart cells with sound. Demirci is among a growing number of biomedical researchers tapping into aesthetics, like sound waves, to design cellular structures. Because sound waves move molecules, they can travel through different media--like solids, gels, liquids, and gases--made of molecules. They are versatile. In this case, Demirci put heart cells in a gelled substance, and by tweaking the acoustics he created different sizes and shapes of sound waves (imagine a small ripple amping up into a tidal wave). The cells rode the waves across the gel and into the extraordinary patterns.  “As Demirci triggered acoustic waves on a microscale, he and Wu watched the heart cells dance into patterns. They could adjust the patterns within seconds by tweaking the acoustics. ‘You change the frequency and amplitude, and the cells move into a new spot right in front of your eyes,’ Wu said in 2018.  “The work Demirci and Wu were tapping into is called cymatics--the science of visualizing audio frequencies. This process was discovered by Swiss medical doctor and pioneer Hans Jenny, who coined the term and published the first volume on the topic in 1967. Jenny explained in his book Cymatics: A Study of Wave Phenomena and Vibration that ‘acoustic effects of sound waves is not an unregulated chaos. It is a dynamic but ordered pattern.’  Resonance made visible with black seeds on a harpsichord soundboard “After their discovery, Stanford University tweeted out the quilt-like image and asked: Is it art or is it science?  “It is, wonderfully, both. Researchers are removing the ‘or’ to make it ‘and.’ Art and science together are potent medicine, capable of radically transforming our physical health.  “Think about this experiment the next time you feel moved by your favorite song. You are literally changed, on a cellular level, by aesthetics. In the case of the red quilt, sound caused heart cells to move. All stimuli that we encounter--visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory, olfactory, and others--change the structure and function of cells within our brains and bodies. They do so in fundamental ways, including altering cell cycle, proliferation, viability, and binding of hormones. And when we make those aesthetic inputs multidimensional, we open the door for healing to occur.  “One of the most important developments in the arts-meets-science approach to physical health has been the ways in which researchers have begun to identify key neurobiological mechanisms. Mechanisms are the many chemical and physical activities that underlie how things work in your body. Digesting your latest meal, for instance, happens because of multiple mechanisms, from saliva production in the mouth to chemicals in the stomach to the ways nutrients are absorbed. We understand how and why the body digests food. And by better understanding the mechanisms engaged when using the arts, practitioners are able to design and enhance interventions with greater precision.  “In a 2021 study published in the journal Lancet Psychiatry, Daisy Fancourt and her team studied the mounting evidence for the benefits of leisure activities, such as participating in the arts, on human health. They identified and mapped more than 600 mechanisms--from improving respiratory and physical function to enhancing immune function and developing group values--that occur both in our individual bodies, as well as at the group and societal level. These mechanisms are broadly grouped into psychological, biological, social, and behavioral.  “Another critical point that Daisy and her fellow researchers made in this study about arts and mechanisms is related to the idea of complexity science. ‘People have often viewed the field of arts and health as needing to operate like the field of pharmacology,’ Daisy explained. For example, a drug has an active ingredient with maybe one or two biological mechanisms of action and these have predictable outcomes. ‘Whereas, our clear point in this paper is that in complexity science, you recognize that there are hundreds of ingredients, hundreds of mechanisms. They all work bidirectionally, not just unidirectionally and they're moderated by external factors.’  “This summarizes quite nicely why the arts have such a potent effect on our health: Whereas a pharmacological treatment works on one, maybe two, pathways, the arts have the ability to trigger hundreds of mechanisms that work in concert.  “‘This point is really important to get across,’ Daisy says, ‘because sometimes people have seen the complexity and the 'messiness' of arts and health mechanisms as a weakness where in fact, it is the very heart of why the arts work. It's just that we've been applying an overly simplistic biomedical lens on something that needs to be seen with a complexity science lens.’ “Today, the arts are being used in at least six distinct ways to heal the body: as preventative medicine; as symptom relief for everyday health issues; as a treatment or intervention for illness, developmental issues, and accidents; as psychological support; as a tool for successfully living with chronic issues; and at the end of life to provide solace and meaning." # REINFORCEMENT LEARNING | ALL TOPICS   AI System Beats Chess Puzzles With ‘Artificial Brainstorming’ By STEPHEN ORNES By bringing together disparate approaches, machines can reach a new level of creative problem-solving. Read the article Quanta is conducting a series of surveys to better serve our audience. Take our newsletter subscriber survey and you will be entered to win free Quanta merchandise. ASTROPHYSICS   Rogue Worlds Throw Planetary Ideas Out of Orbit By CHARLIE WOOD Scientists have recently discovered scores of free-floating worlds that defy classification. The new observations have forced them to rethink their theories of star and planet formation. Read the article Related:  JWST Spots Giant Black Holes All Over the Early Universe By Charlie Wood COMBINATORICS   The Astonishing Behavior of Recursive Sequences By ALEX STONE Some strange mathematical sequences are always whole numbers — until they’re not. The puzzling patterns have revealed ties to graph theory and prime numbers, awing mathematicians. Read the blog Related:  The Connoisseur of Number Sequences By Erica Klarreich (2015) IMMUNOLOGY   During Pregnancy, a Fake ‘Infection’ Protects the Fetus By ANNIE MELCHOR Cells in the placenta have an unusual trick for activating gentle immune defenses and keeping them turned on when no infection is present. It involves crafting and deploying a fake virus. Read the blog   Around the Web Put Your Heads Together A new genetic analysis of starfish reveals that they are all head, no body. This surprising finding could offer hints about why they evolved to have such unique radial symmetry, reports Lori Youmshajekian for Scientific American. The physicist Nikta Fakhri believes that starfish hold clues to even deeper biological mysteries. In 2023, Charlie Wood interviewed Fakhri for Quanta about how studies of starfish helped her see how physical phenomena such as symmetry breaking define life. A Mounting Meltdown Glaciers in Greenland are melting twice as fast as they were a few decades ago, reports Delger Erdenesanaa for The New York Times. They have shrunk more than 35% in volume since 1978. Melting at the poles is locked in a feedback loop with global climate change: As the ice melts, it reflects less of the sun’s energy back to space. In 2020, Shannon Hall wrote for Quanta about an Arctic mission to study the dynamics of the melting ice. #The Universe in verse The Universe in Verse: Regina Spektor Reads “Theories of Everything” by Astronomer, Poet, and Tragic Genius Rebecca Elson BY MARIA POPOVA In her haunting ode to the Hubble Space Telescope, Adrienne Rich serenaded “the ex-stasis of galaxies / so out from us there’s no vocabulary / but mathematics and optics / equations letting sight pierce through time / into liberations, lacerations of light and dust.” It is a peculiar meta-miracle, to fuse these complementary modes of sensemaking — mathematics, the language of truth, and poetry, the language of meaning — into something that enlarges both, expanding the horizons of beauty and understanding in the mind beholding the fusion./.../ #TIME  TIME100 CLIMATE Sebastião Salgado Photographer  Marcos del Mazo—LightRocket/Getty Images Sebastião Salgado is a Brazilian photographer and co-founder of nonprofit Instituto Terra, which works to restore the country’s Atlantic forest. The project was initially launched on his parents’ cattle ranch in eastern Brazil; Salgado used his photographs to raise funding for a seedling nursery, laboratory, and training center, which allowed the project to plant about 300 different species of  native trees and to restore 2,000 natural springs. In 2022–23, it launched “Empresa Amiga,” a program that will raise funds from nearly a dozen corporate partners for forest and water basin restoration. What is the single most important action you think the public, or a specific company or government, needs to take in the next year to advance the climate agenda? There is only one way to move the climate agenda forward in the world, at personal, company and state level, and that is to plant trees. There is no machine on the planet capable of sequestering carbon dioxide. Only trees can do this through photosynthesis. By planting trees we will solve the planetary carbon problem and, more importantly, we will rehabilitate local biodiversity. In the last 40 years, Germany has lost 70% of its biodiversity. What’s more, by planting forests we also restore water sources by retaining humidity in the soil. That’s the primordial action I would advise: planting trees. What sustainability effort do you hope will gain popularity with the general public this year, and why? We should focus on the integration of the world of land, rural landowners, Indigenous and peasant communities into the global debate on ecology. The rural world is not integrated into this debate, which is 95% dominated by the urban sector. And urban people don’t know the land and the planet. If we have to plant forests, we won’t do it in the cities, but in the countryside. Where should climate activism go in the next year? Climate activism should focus on a reorientation of carbon credits. We have  to separate what carbon is recovered in industries by reducing carbon emissions, and the real carbon sequestration that comes from planting forests. Organizations around the world have to fight for there to be a sufficient financial return for rural landowners to have an alternative use for their land between livestock, agriculture, and forestry. Otherwise, they will never plant forests. We must fight for a real carbon fund for planting trees.