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Friday, May 31, 2019

Coluna Fernando Neubarth - Boletim da Soc. BGr. Reumatologia

De paixões, meteoros, buracosnegros e fósforos riscados 
Coluna Fernando Neubarth
Tenho um amigo de infância, Carlos Fernando Jung, que mora na cidade onde crescemos, Taquara do Mundo Novo. É engenheiro e professor e passa as noites, dizem, filmando o céu desse canto do sul do Brasil. Conseguiu registrar, na madrugada da sexta-feira, 12 de abril de 2019, a queda de um meteoro. Estima-se que a pedra tivesse uma massa de 12 quilos quando entrou na atmosfera terrestre a 122 mil km/h, extinguindo-se a aproximadamente 36 quilômetros de altitude, aparentemente sem causar danos, conforme o noticiário.

Se não causou danos, impressionou-me demais.

Isso na mesma semana em que a jovem pesquisadora Katherine (Katie) Louise Borman, 29 anos, formada em Ciências da Computação no Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachussets (MIT), liderando uma equipe de 200 cientistas, capturou, pela primeira vez um buraco negro. A façanha foi realizada a partir de um algoritmo criado por Katie, que combinou as imagens obtidas por oito telescópios ao redor do mundo e coletou 8 petabytes de dados para chegar a esse resultado. O buraco negro captado na imagem possui 40 bilhões de quilômetros de diâmetro, um número aproximadamente 3 milhões de vezes maior que o tamanho do nosso planeta. Mas talvez o melhor ainda seja o misto de incredulidade e satisfação no semblante exibido pela menina no seu Facebook. Numa entrevista ao Washington Post, ela contou que estava trabalhando no algoritmo há quase seis anos e, como se fosse preciso se justificar, declarou: “Eu tenho interesse em como podemos ver ou medir coisas que são consideradas invisíveis para nós”.

A comprovação da existência do “buraco negro” demonstra que a teoria desenhada por Albert Einstein (1879-1955) estava correta. Trunfo da atual tecnologia e da genial Teoria da Relatividade Geral, abre caminho para novas compreensões sobre a existência. Se por um lado destaca o quanto podemos ser grandes, evidencia o quanto somos ínfimos, apenas um pontinho obscuro no universo.

Vivemos numa época extraordinária. A tecnologia permite que o conhecimento realize sonhos e alcance distâncias que fazem lembrar o título da série televisiva criada por Rod Sterling na transição dos anos 50/60, levando-nos para “Além da Imaginação” (versão para o português do original, Twilight Zone). Momento marcante na história da humanidade, talvez só comparável à democratização do acesso à informação com a invenção da prensa de tipos móveis, em Mainz, no ano de 1450. O surgimento do livro – arma, bandeira, alimento – modificou o mundo. De Gutenberg a Zuckerberg, fecha-se um ciclo. Há uma nova revolução, magnífica e ao mesmo tempo assustadora. As mesmas fake news, antes panfletárias ou veiculadas em jornais, acordadas por interesses ou sob o tacão da censura, agora se disseminam instantaneamente, ao redor do globo ou aos confins da terra plana, como ainda querem alguns.

Parece compreensível ter medo do escuro, mas quem se esgueira nas sombras, com seus preconceitos, no absolutismo de meias-verdades, teme a claridade. Em lúcido artigo publicado em Zero Hora, a escritora Jane Tutikian, em defesa não somente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul da qual é vice-reitora, questiona sobre os limites à campanha de desqualificação do ensino, em particular o público, e na área das Humanidades. “A origem de tudo isso tem nome: medo. Medo de um povo que tenha acesso a uma educação de qualidade porque ela faz pensar e o pensamento é, em si, detonador de transformações”.

Faz lembrar Platão (427 a.C.- 347 a.C) e sua alegoria da caverna. Se temos a chance de nos libertar, é preciso tentar traduzir e testemunhar sobre aquilo que antes só percebíamos como sombras. Para seu discípulo predileto, Aristóteles (384 a.C.- 332 a.C), para ser feliz é preciso fazer o bem ao outro; isso caracteriza o homem como um ser social, mais precisamente um ser político, no melhor sentido da palavra. Mais uma vez, vale ouvir Einstein: “Tudo quanto nas nossas instituições, leis e costumes é moralmente valioso, teve origem nas manifestações do sentimento de justiça de inúmeros indivíduos ao longo dos tempos. As instituições são impotentes no sentido moral, se não forem apoiadas e alimentadas pelo sentido de responsabilidade de indivíduos vivos”.

O romancista gaúcho, brasileiro, Erico Veríssimo (1905- 1975), no primeiro volume de suas memórias, Solo de Clarineta, definiu bem o seu papel de literato: “Tem me animado até hoje a idéia de que o menos que um escritor pode fazer, numa época de atrocidades e injustiças como a nossa, é acender a sua lâmpada, trazer luz sobre a realidade de seu mundo, evitando que sobre ele caia a escuridão, propícia aos ladrões, aos assassinos e aos tiranos. Sim, segurar a lâmpada, a despeito da náusea e do horror. Se não tivermos uma lâmpada elétrica, acendamos nosso toco de vela ou, em último caso, risquemos fósforos repetidamente, como um sinal de que não desertamos nosso posto”.

Filosofia é ter interesse no conhecimento e coragem para querer ver e medir as coisas que são consideradas invisíveis. Conta-se que, quando Alexandre, o Grande, recebeu os celtas que viviam no Adriático, perguntou a eles o que mais temiam, supondo que diriam que era dele que tinham receio. Eles responderam que não temiam ninguém, apenas que o céu caísse sobre suas cabeças.

– Por Toutatis, que isso não nos aconteça! Nem nos faltem fósforos.
______________________________________________________

Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, abr/mai/jun 2019.
Área de anexos

Anxiety and Sex Hormones

Sex Hormones and Gender Vulnerabilities to Anxiety Disorders

sex imbalance in the prevalence of anxiety disorders
November 30, 2018
Volume: 
35
Issue: 
11
SIGNIFICANCE FOR PRACTICING PSYCHIATRISTS
SIGNIFICANCE FOR PRACTICING PSYCHIATRISTS
FIGURE 1. A cognitive behavioral model of anxiety disorders
A cognitive behavioral model of anxiety disorders
Theoretical consequences of the interaction between high and low hormonal states and environmental events
FIGURE 2. Theoretical consequences of the interaction between high and low hormonal states and environmental events

Large-scale mental health surveys have consistently shown that the prevalence of anxiety disorders and related conditions is approximately 1.5- to 2-fold higher in women than it is in men.1,2 Despite similar patterns that occur across all anxiety subtypes, this sex difference appears most pronounced for PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobias.

Alzheimer mutation

The tangled history of an Alzheimer’s mutation

Researchers unexpectedly discovered a family with a mutation that causes early-onset Alzheimer’s disease in the same region of Colombia as another well-studied extended family with a totally different mutation that causes the same condition. Analysis revealed that one gene variant had its roots in Europe and the other in Africa. The discovery revealed the complex racial history of the area: European colonists and enslaved Africans brought new mutations to the genetically isolated Indigenous population, which was then almost wiped out, causing a genetic bottleneck that allowed rare mutations to become dominant.
Undark | 17 min read
Read more about the first family, subject of a pioneering Alzheimer’s study (from March 2018) 
Reference: Alzheimer's & Dementia paper 

Brazil sues cigarette manufacturers

Figure thumbnail fx1Brazil sues cigarette manufacturers for public health costs 


Brazil's Attorney General's Office (AGU) wants some of the country's largest cigarette manufacturers to repay the Brazilian Government for money spent by the public health system on treatments for problems caused by smoking. The AGU filed a civil action suit last week that asked manufacturers such as Souza Cruz and Philip Morris Brasil and their parent companies, British American Tobacco and Phillip Morris International, to pay back what the Union spent over the past 5 years on treatments for 26 diseases whose association with cigarette smoke has been scientifically supported.
“The profit of this trade is sent abroad, to these multinationals”, explained the regional coordinator of the Prosecutor's Office in Porto Alegre, Davi Bressler, during a press conference. “It is not fair that they have not paid the burden that they are leaving with Brazilian society.”/.../

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Tobacco Data visualization 1980-2015

APRIL 5, 2017
Data Visualization
This interactive data visualization tool shows modeled trends in smoking prevalence worldwide and by country for the years 1980 to 2015. Data were derived from nationally representative sources that measured tobacco use.

Tabaco sem: Dia Mundial



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Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Gilbert Keith Chesterton

G.K. Chesterton

BRITISH AUTHOR (DE MODA NA DÉCADA DE 50)
Alternative Title: Gilbert Keith Chesterton

G.K. Chesterton, in full Gilbert Keith Chesterton, (born May 29, 1874, London, England—died June 14, 1936, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire), English critic and author of verse, essays, novels, and short stories, known also for his exuberant personality and rotund figure.
Chesterton was educated at St. Paul’s School and later studied art at the Slade School and literatureat University College, London. His writings to 1910 were of three kinds. First, his social criticism, largely in his voluminous journalism, was gathered in The Defendant (1901), Twelve Types (1902), and Heretics(1905). In it he expressed strongly pro-Boer views in the South African War. Politically, he began as a Liberal but after a brief radical period became, with his Christian and medievalist friend Hilaire Belloc, a Distributist, favouring the distribution of land. This phase of his thinking is exemplified by What’s Wrong with the World (1910).

Human Population evolution

Human Population Through Time

Check out this week’s video blog! It took 200,000 years for our human population to reach 1 billion—and only 200 years to reach 7 billion. But growth has begun slowing, as women have fewer babies on average. When will our global population peak? And how can we minimize our impact on Earth’s resources, even as we approach 11 billion?

Health-related suffering to 2060

The escalating global burden of serious health-related suffering: projections to 2060 by world regions, age groups, and health conditions


Interpretation

The burden of serious health-related suffering will almost double by 2060, with the fastest increases occurring in low-income countries, among older people, and people with dementia. Immediate global action to integrate palliative care into health systems is an ethical and economic imperative.



Journay since the Precambrian

A Journey Through Time Since the Precambrian

Dinosaur phylogeny, or family tree with individual dinosaurs visible.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The Phanerozoic Eon, also known as the eon of visible life, is divided into three major eras of time largely based on fossils of different groups of life-forms found within them: the Paleozoic (542 million to 251 million years ago), Mesozoic (251 million to 65.5 million years ago), and Cenozoic (65.5 million years ago to the present) eras. The three eras can be divided into a collection of 12 different periods. During each period, Earth’s continents made steady progress toward their present configuration through such processes as continental drift, mountain building, and continental glaciation. Although the Phanerozoic Eon represents only about the last one-eighth of time since the Earth’s crust formed, its importance far exceeds its relatively short duration, because the eon is characterized by the rapid evolution of life, sometimes through cataclysmic mass extinction events, and other challenges. The descendants of these early life-forms are the plants, animals, and other life that abide on Earth today.

bacteria that eats plastic

This bacteria eats plastic


9:13 minutes · TEDxMtHood
Humans produce 300 million tons of new plastic each year -- yet, despite our best efforts, less than 10 percent of it ends up being recycled. Is there a better way to deal with all this waste? Microbiologist Morgan Vague studies bacteria that, through some creative adaptations, have evolved the unexpected ability to eat plastic -- and could help us solve our growing pollution problem.
Watch now »

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

ICD 11th

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11)  defines the universe of diseases, disorders, injuries and other related health conditions.
The World Health Assembly 72 agreed to adopt the 11th revision of the ICD, to come into effect on 1 January 2022. ICD-11 has been updated for the 21st century and reflects critical advances in science and medicine.

For the first time, WHO is classifying gaming disorder as an addictive behaviour disorder. Among other ICD-11 decisions are the inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine and removal of gender incongruence out of mental disorders in the ICD, into sexual health conditions.
More about ICD-11

72nd annual World Health Assembly

The 72nd annual World Health Assembly ended today in Geneva. Over the past 9 days, Member States adopted a new global strategy on health, environment and climate change and committed to invest in safe water, sanitation and hygiene services in health facilities. Countries adopted a landmark agreement to enhance the transparency of pricing for medicines, vaccines and other health products. The new WHO programme budget was approved and a common approach to antimicrobial resistance was agreed.

Patient safety was recognized as a global health priority and the 11th Edition of the International Classification of Diseases was adopted. Countries agreed three resolutions on universal health coverage with a focus on primary healthcare, the role of community health workers and the High-Level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage in New York in September 2019.
“I cannot emphasise strongly enough what a decisive moment for public health the High-Level Meeting could be. A strong declaration, with strong political support, could transform the lives of billions of people, in realizing what we have always advocated for – health for all,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, at the closing speechfor the World Health Assembly 72.
Full closing speech
More about WHA 72

Climate predictions beyond 20 years

Crusader rule ends

Crusader in iron mail.

Le tabac


Evolution des décès attribuables au tabagisme de 2000 à 2015 en milliers, pour les hommes et les femmes selon l'agence sanitaire Santé publique France,


Le tabac a fait 75.000 morts en France en 2015, ce qui représente plus d'un décès sur huit, selon les derniers chiffres officiels

Cancers, maladies cardiovasculaires et respiratoires: le tabac a fait 75.000 morts en France en 2015, ce qui représente plus d'un décès sur huit, selon les derniers chiffres officiels, publiés mardi avant la journée mondiale sans tabac.
"Comme dans la plupart des pays industrialisés, le tabagisme reste la première cause de décès évitables en France", souligne le bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire (BEH) de l'agence sanitaire Santé publique France.
Le précédent bilan datait de 2016 et portait sur l'année 2013. Il était de 73.000 morts, soit la même proportion par rapport au nombre total de décès cette année-là (environ 13%)./.../

Monday, May 27, 2019

Chagas' Disease

No início da década de 90 a UNESCO, OMS, Federaçãoi Mundial de Cardiologia, produzimos material educacional para Prevenção da Febre Reumática e também Doença de Chagas
World Heart Federation
12 h
Delegates at the 72nd World Health Assembly have approved the creation of a World Chagas Day – an important step in the fight for recognition of this neglected disease.
Chagas Disease affects more than 7 million people worldwide, but only 1 in 10 are diagnosed and less than 1% receive treatment. When left untreated, Chagas can cause serious heart and digestive system problems – 12,000 people die each year from causes associated with the disease.

WORLD-HEART-FEDERATION.ORG
Delegates at the 72nd World Health Assembly (WHA) have today approved the creation of a World Chagas Day. People affected by Chagas worldwide celebrate this important step in fighting for recognition of this neglected disease. Geneva, 24 May 2019 – The International Federation of People Affected b...