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Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Global Economic cost of cancer report

From: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia



Global Economic cost of cancer report

Rijo M. John, Director of international tobacco control research, America Cancer Society, 
Hana Ross, Strategic director of international tobacco control research, American Cancer Society
August 16, 2010 - The American Cancer Society and LIVESTRONG® 
Report Summary available online PDF [14p.] at: http://bit.ly/9NTLj6 
“….This report, authored by American Cancer Society researchers is a first-of-its-kind study on the economic cost of all causes of death globally, including cancer and other noncommunicable diseases and communicable diseases. 

The report shows that cancer has the greatest economic impact from premature death and disability of all causes of death worldwide. 

The economic toll from cancer is nearly 20 percent higher than heart disease, the second leading cause of economic loss ($895 billion and $753 billion respectively). This figure does not include direct medical costs, which would further increase the overall economic impact of cancer. …”
 

Will CVD Prevention Widen Health Inequalities?

Simon Capewell1*Hilary Graham2 1 Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom

Summary Points

  • The primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is dependent on the effective reduction of the major risk factors for CVD, particularly tobacco control and a healthier diet.
  • The high-risk approach to prevent CVD typically involves population screening. Those exceeding a risk threshold are then given lifestyle advice and/or tablets to reduce blood cholesterol and blood pressure.
  • Evidence suggests this high-risk approach typically widens socioeconomic inequalities. Such inequalities have been reported in screening, healthy diet advice, smoking cessation, statin and anti-hypertensive prescribing, and adherence.
  • The alternative approach is population-wide CVD prevention. For example, legislating for smoke-free public spaces, banning dietary transfats, or halving daily dietary salt intake. Such strategies are generally effective and cost-saving; there is also increasing evidence that they can reduce health inequalities.
  • We conclude that screening and treating high-risk individuals represents a relatively ineffective CVD prevention approach that typically widens social inequalities.


Exercise and Hypothalamic ER Stress

Mens Sana In Corpore Sano”: Exercise and Hypothalamic ER Stress

1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain Pablo Blanco Martínez de Morentin1,2Miguel López1,2*

Sunday, August 22, 2010

PROPAGANDA

O texto abaixo encaminhei para publicação no Jornal Zero Hora. Como não publicaram até o momento, acho que ficará na gaveta, mas tenho esta janela dos AMICOR disponível para compartilhar.
Um abraço
AA

Seria inconcebível viver nos tempos atuais sem propaganda. Propaganda eleitoral, política, comercial, religiosa, profissional, associativa, científica - tudo se promove e se comunica.
O inegável papel da propaganda na comunicação social reforça a responsabilidade de sua prática. A divulgação é útil, mas a maquilagem da informação deve ter limites e pode ser prejudicial, criando uma aura de descrédito e de insegurança. A repetição excessiva de uma mensagem torna-a enfadonha, leva também à desconfiança, e promove o acionamento de nossa atenção seletiva. Salientar as características positivas de um produto ou de uma ideia faz parte da técnica, mas seu exagero pode servir para ocultar aspectos negativos, aproximando-se perigosamente da propaganda enganosa.
A aplicação dos conhecimentos e técnicas científicas da psicologia para ouvintes desarmados destes recursos pode até suscitar uma comparação com a luta desigual entre um contendor treinado em artes marciais e outro despreparado. Não deixa de ser uma forma de assédio moral.
A guerra de propaganda é feia, e só pode agradar aos que dela não mais precisam. Em época de campanha eleitoral então, a contrapropaganda faz pensar em falta de argumento positivo para a campanha. Candidatos - assim como se ajeitam para aparecer na mídia - remendam seus discursos na tentativa de dizer o que seus potenciais eleitores desejam ouvir. Não dizem o que pensam se é que pensam nessas horas em algo além da conquista do poder. Deixam transparecer o casuísmo e a falta de convicção em seus depoimentos e respostas, menosprezando seus ouvintes. Parece antes o cumprimento de um ritual, onde buscam ouvir a própria voz, e contemplar a própria imagem, alimentando fantasias, e explorando anseios e criando ilusões.
Sabe-se que as escolhas se fazem mais pela marca do que pelo conteúdo. Somos mais levados por inclinações afetivas prévias do que por argumentos racionais, assim como se torce por um clube esportivo, ou se acredita numa profissão de fé.
Se formos analisar do ponto de vista econômico, provavelmente o custo-benefício de uma campanha se justifica mais pelo comprometimento real ou imaginário entre doadores e candidatos, do que pela conquista de novos eleitores.
Teoricamente, no mercado a propaganda se destinaria a aquecê-lo, incentivando o consumo que encontraria um equilíbrio na competição honesta.
Na democracia a propaganda eleitoral deveria promover o conhecimento de propostas e intenções para facilitar a escolha dos representantes do povo.
Entretanto, se formos avaliar pelos resultados, a propaganda nem sempre tem nos ajudado a escolher o melhor produto, assim como não tem funcionado na escolha dos políticos mais honestos e mais capazes.

Histórias 2

Enfermaria 38o. da Santa Casa
(Aloyzio Achutti - 18 de agosto de 2010)

Dando continuidade à proposta de escrever histórias - embora não tenha havido até o presente momento outra contribuição - vai aqui mais um pouco dentro do que foi esboçado no primeiro capítulo de há exatamente um mês atrás (18 de julho)./.../

Construindo no mar revolto


Luiz Antonio Timm Grassi
grassilat@via-rs.net
Em recente viagem, chamou-me atenção a maneira como a imprensa europeia apresentava notícias do Brasil. A cada dia, os mais diversos meios traziam, em notas maiores ou menores, informações e opiniões sobre fatos diversos relacionados com nosso país. A quantidade impressionou-me, especialmente lembrando tempos em que uma temporada no exterior significava completo jejum de notícias nacionais (a não ser por alguma catástrofe ou, às vezes, pelo futebol). Por outro lado, e mais significativamente, a predominância das informações positivas e o teor das apreciações, em tons elogiosos ou, no mínimo, respeitosos. Pleno contraste com o antigo destaque a notícias negativas ou, na melhor das hipóteses, de curiosidade pelo exotismo carnavalesco dos trópicos (o máximo era um olhar complacente carregado de um certo sentimento de culpa para com um pobre e simpático povo subdesenvolvido). E diversidade nas informações: o Brasil já não é só binômio carnaval-futebol ou Amazônia devastada. A mídia europeia repercute a conjuntura econômica brasileira, experiências sociais, ação governamental, política externa - e tudo com um olhar possivelmente menos desdenhoso do que encontramos frequentemente na grande imprensa brasileira./.../

Spiritual Healing

At the Synagogue Church of All Nations in Lagos, Pastor T.B. Joshua absolves a woman of her sins, part of an effort to cure her of skin disease

Spiritual Healing Around the World

Across countries and faiths, the devout believe the power of the spirit can heal the ills of the flesh. Science may doubt them, but believers in many cultures find comfort in religion when modern medicine falls short
Enter

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Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male

Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male
The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male[1] also known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Pelkola Syphilis Study, Public Health Service Syphilis Study or the Tuskegee Experiment was aclinical study, conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama, in which 399 poor — and mostly illiterate — African American sharecroppers were studied to observe the natural progression of the disease if left untreated.
This study was criticized because it was conducted without due care to its subjects, and led to major changes in how patients are protected in clinical studies. Individuals enrolled in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not giveinformed consent and were not informed of their diagnosis; instead they were told they had "bad blood" and could receive free medical treatment, rides to the clinic, meals and burial insurance in case of death in return for participating.[2]
In 1932, when the study started, standard treatments for syphilis were toxic, dangerous, and of questionable effectiveness. Part of the original goal of the study was to determine if patients were better off not being treated with these toxic remedies and to recognize each stage of the disease in hopes of developing treatments aimed for each one. Doctors recruited 399 black men who already had syphilis, to study the progress of the disease over the course of 40 years. A control group of 201 healthy men was studied to provide a comparison.
By 1947 penicillin had become the standard treatment for syphilis. Prior to this discovery, syphilis frequently led to a chronic, painful and fatal multisystem disease. Rather than treat all syphilitic subjects with penicillin and close the study, or split off a control group for testing penicillin; the Tuskegee scientists withheld penicillin and information about penicillin, purely to continue to study how the disease spreads and kills. Participants were also prevented from accessing syphilis treatment programs that were available to other people in the area. The study continued until 1972, when a leak to the press[3] resulted in its termination./.../

A Universe Free Of Charge?

A Universe Free Of Charge?


(Caption) When you weigh up all the positives and the negatives - does the universe still have a net charge of zero?
If there were equal amounts of matter and anti-matter in the universe, it would be easy to deduce that the universe has a net charge of zero, since a defining 'opposite' of matter and anti-matter is charge. So if a particle has charge, its anti-particle will have an equal but opposite charge. For example, protons have a positive charge – while anti-protons have a negative charge.
But it’s not apparent that there is a lot of anti-matter around as neither the cosmic microwavebackground, nor the more contemporary universe contain evidence of annihilation borders – where contact between regions of large scale matter and large scale anti-matter should produce bright outbursts of gamma rays.
So, since we do apparently live in a matter-dominated universe – the question of whether the universe has a net charge of zero is an open question.
It’s reasonable to assume that dark matter has either a net zero charge – or just no charge at all – simply because it is dark. Charged particles and larger objects like stars with dynamic mixtures of positive and negative charges, produce electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation.
So, perhaps we can constrain the question of whether the universe has a net charge of zero to just asking whether the total sum of all non-dark matter has. We know that most cold, static matter – that is in an atomic, rather than a plasma, form – should have a net charge of zero, since atoms have equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.
Stars composed of hot plasma might also be assumed to have a net charge of zero, since they are the product of accreted cold, atomic material which has been compressed and heated to create a plasma of dissociated nuclei (+ve) and electrons (-ve).
The principle of charge conservation (which is accredited to Benjamin Franklin) has it that the amount of charge in a system is always conserved, so that the amount flowing in will equal the amount flowing out./.../


Saturday, August 21, 2010

Is It Time We Paid More Attention to Rare Diseases?


An operator checks a harvest transfer tank at Genzyme's manufacturing facility in Boston, Massachusetts May 3, 2010.
Brian Snyder / Reuters


When Hannah Ostrea was five months old, she was diagnosed with Gaucher's disease, a genetic condition in which the body lacks the enzyme needed to break down a fatty waste product called glucocerebroside, leaving it to accumulate in the body's organs. The disease is painful, with the excess glucocerebroside impairing mobility and delaying growth. Hannah's form of the disease, Neuronopathic Gaucher's disease, also causes brain damage and eye movement disorders and makes swallowing difficult. Neuronopathic Gaucher's affects less than 1 in 100,000 live births and the life expectancy of a sufferer is between two and 20 years — Hannah is now two. But because the medical community won't dedicate time or money to an illness that affects so few, there is no cure on the horizon. "Unless you have a celebrity who has a personal interest in your disease or you have a 'popular' rare disease ... there are no big foundations, large fundraisers, or even any interest in assistance," says Hannah's mother Carrie. "It's so hard knowing that there is so little research out there for my daughter, and that because of this, we will likely lose her sooner rather than later."

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2012177,00.html?xid=newsletter-daily#ixzz0xFHTmI13

What's So Great About Organic Food?

DANNY KIM FOR TIME


Looking for a quick way to feel lousy about yourself? Then forget the idea of a healthy diet and just eat what your body wants you to eat. Your body wants meat; your body wants fat; your body wants salt and sugar. Your body will put up with fruits and vegetables if it must, but only after all the meat, fat, salt and sugar are gone. And as for the question of where your food comes from — whether it's locally grown, sustainably raised, grass-fed, free range or pesticide-free? Your body doesn't give a hoot.


Read more: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2011756_2011730,00.html#ixzz0xFFjqGGN

Friday, August 20, 2010

Green Veggies Cut Diabetes Risk

Green Veggies Cut Diabetes Risk

By Nancy Walsh, Staff Writer, MedPage Today
Published: August 19, 2010
Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD; Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.

Increasing the daily intake of green leafy vegetables could significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, a British meta-analysis found.
Consuming 1.35 servings of these vegetables per day was associated with a 14% reduction in risk compared with consuming only 0.2 servings (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96, P=0.01), according to Patrice Carter, a PhD student at the University of Leicester, and colleagues.
A trend also was seen suggesting a benefit for consuming greater quantities of fruits and vegetables overall, although this was not statistically significant, the researchers reported online in BMJ.

Thursday, August 19, 2010

Health Financing in Brazil, Russia and India: What Role Does the International Community Play?

Health Financing in Brazil, Russia and India: What Role Does the International Community Play?

Devi Sridhar1,* and Eduardo J. Gómez21All Souls College, Oxford, UK and 2Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
*Corresponding author. All Souls College, High St, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK. Tel: +44 1865 281407. Email: devi.sridhar@politics.ox.ac.uk


n this paper we examine whether Brazil, Russia and India have similar financing patterns to those observed globally. We assess how national health allocations compare with epidemiological estimates for burden of disease. We identify the major causes of burden of disease in each country, as well as the contribution HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria make to the total burden of disease estimates. We then use budgetary allocation information to assess the alignment of funding with burden of disease data. We focus on central government allocations through the Ministry of Health or its equivalent. /.../

Trade, Growth and Population Health: An Introductory Review


Caroline Andrew. Louise Bouchard, Ronald Labonté, Vivien Runnels (Editors)
Ronald Labonté,Canada Research Chair, Globalization and Health Equity, Institute of Population Health, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
Chantal Blouin, Associate Director, Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University, Ottawa
Lisa Forman, Assistant Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Director, Comparative Program on Health and Society, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto
Vol. 2(1) 2010 Transdisciplinary Studies in Population Health Series


Available online as PDF [94p.] at: http://bit.ly/bXbnYl
“……..Human societies have long histories of trade with each other. One might describe barter and exchange as inherently human social qualities. When such barter extends beyond the village marketplace, however, issues of power and elite interests inevitably surface. Trade between societies has been marked by conflict as much as by equanimity: witness the forced opening of the closed economies of China by the British in the 19th century, Japan by the USA in the early 20th century, and the allegations of more contemporary coercion exercised by powerful countries over weaker ones in today’s free trade negotiations, a point addressed later in this paper./.../

The End of Everything

The End of Everything

It can be said that humans have a bit of a short term view of things. We're concerned about the end of summer, the next school year, and maybe even retirement. But these are just a blink of an eye in cosmic terms. Let's really think big, stare forward in time, and think about what the future holds for the Universe. Look forward millions, trillions, and even 10100 years into the future. Let's consider the end of everything.
End of Humanity – 10,000 years
Modern humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Since then, we've gone on to inhabit every single corner of the globe. But this is just temporary. The vast majority of every species that has ever lived on Earth is now extinct. To think that humans can avoid the fate of every other creature is arrogant. Like all life on Earth, our time is limited. How long will we last?
There are many natural and man made disasters that could wipe us out. From an asteroid strike to worldwide pandemic; global warming to a nearby supernova detonation – there are many ways we could go. Perhaps we'll wrap it up in a mass extinction event, such as the one that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, or "the Great Dying", 251 million years ago that killed 70% of land species and 96% of all marine species./.../

Wednesday, August 18, 2010

The Copernican Shift in Global Health

Santiago Alcázar
Global Health Programme Working Paper N° 3
The Graduate Institute, Geneva - Global Health Programme
Geneva – Switzerland
Available online PDF [15p.] at: http://bit.ly/acGcGu

................
Ambassador Celso Amorim, Brazil’s foreign minister, made it even clearer when he addressed the 60th World Health Assembly (WHA). He had been invited by his colleague, Brazil’s health minister, José Gomes Temporão, to deliver Brazil’s speech at the plenary session of the World Health Assembly. Symbols are always important. The presence of the Minister of External Relations at the 60th WHA was a strong symbol of the confluence of Brazil’s foreign policy and health policy. In his speech, the ambassador recalled his government’s decision to issue the compulsory licence for Efavirenz. In the context of our two clusters – the economy and trade cluster, and the social cluster – he said that many, in Brazil as well as abroad, had expressed concern over the possible negative impact on the flow of international investment into Brazil. Following the direction of Brazil’s foreign policy, Ambassador Amorim assured everyone that not a single economic or trade consideration can be used to hinder measures in favour of public health. This is exactly the situation pictured, on the one hand, by the old Ptolemaic view that the economy and trade cluster has to be strengthened for its own purpose, and on the other, by the new Copernican view, championed by the ambassador, in which the social cluster occupies centre stage and is served by the economy and trade cluster.
It is in this same vein, perhaps inspired by the spirit of Geneva, that WHO Director-General Doctor Margaret Chan decided to immerse herself in the question of intellectual property and public health, and to bring the debate to the organization where it has profound implications. At the closing session of the 60th WHA, Doctor Chan would say engagingly and with enthusiasm :
“I am fully committed to this process [the IGWG] and have noted your desire to move forward faster. We must make a tremendous effort… We know our incentive : the prevention of large numbers of needless deaths and suffering.”
This also is a sign of change in the organization; and it is one reminiscent of a Copernican shift.

Tuesday, August 17, 2010

Guidance on the prevention of cardiovascular disease at the population level

Guidance: prevention of CVD at the population level

Description

The guidance is for government, the NHS, local authorities, industry and all those whose actions influence the population’s cardiovascular health (that is, can help keep people’s hearts healthy and prevent strokes). This includes commissioners, managers and practitioners working in loca ...

Guidance documents

Implementing this guidance

Other information