Controle de Doenças

Artigo meu de 2014 que o Prof. Roger trouxe à discussão
Controle de doenças não transmissíveis — contexto histórico e elementos para sua discussão.
Revista Direito Sanitário, São Paulo v.15 n.2, p. 73-90, jul./out. 2014 - Achutti. A.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=5028a0f2fd&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-f:1666805618866658386&th=1721aee1162c1c52&view=att&disp=inline
Resumo
O controle de doenças extrapola o domínio da biomedicina e da saúde de indivíduos. Ele depende de paradigmas que incluem comportamento humano, organização social, desenvol-
vimento sustentado e equidade. A trajetória para inclusão do controle das doenças crônicas e não transmissíveis na agenda da saúde pública pode ser objeto de uma releitura, com destaque para momentos que já fogem à memória e que podem exigir maior discussão e compreensão por parte de profissionais da saúde, políticos, empresários e população em geral.
Palavras-chave
Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis; Equidade; Fatores de Risco; Objetivos do Milênio; Saúde Pública.

Abstract
Disease control goes beyond the field of biomedicine and public health. It depends on paradigms that include human behavior, social organization, sustainable development, and equity. The trajectory for the inclusion of the control of chronic and noncommunicable diseases in the public health agenda may be subject to a re-evaluation, particularly the historical aspects that may have been forgotten and that may require further discussion and understanding by health care professionals, politicians, entrepreneurs, and the general population.
Keywords

Equity; Millennium Development Goals; Noncommunicable Diseases; Public Health; Risk Factors.

Há 40 anos...

Publicado na Revista Manguinhos
1978 - Memória de Inquérito Epidemiológico sobre pressão arterial e alguns fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e crônicas, realizado no Estado do RS, em amostra representativa da população  adulta de 20 a 74 anos dividida em  quatro estratos: Porto Alegre, Cinturão Metropolitano, Interior Urbano e Interior Rural.
Artigo original (link), no qual se baseou a Revista Manguinhos para a publicação de outubro do anos passado.
O feito foi memorável, pioneiro, oportunizou discussão de aspectos muito relevantes, e envolveu a participação de muita gente, entre tantos: Eduardo de Azeredo Costa, Carlos Henrique Klein Maria do Carmo Leal, Ayrton Fischmann, Sérgio Luiz Bassanesi, Célia Szwarcwald. A não valorização da memória pelos editores atuais deve estar relacionada às transformações que o próprio trabalho ajudou a construir. Parabéns e um grande abraço aos companheiros da aventura.

Noncommunicable Diseases

Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018

Authors:
World Health Organization

Publication details

Number of pages: 223
Publication date: September 2018
Languages: English
ISBN: 978 92 4 151462 0

Downloads

• Full report: NCD country profiles 2018
  pdf, 9.3 Mb
• NCD profiles by country

Overview

At the First and Second UN High-level Meetings on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in 2011 and 2014, the World Health Organization released Country Profiles, highlighting the latest data on NCDs in each WHO Member State. This third set of Country Profiles provides an update on each Member State, presenting key data on NCD mortality, risk factor prevalence, national systems capacity to prevent and control NCDs and existence of national targets based on the Global Monitoring Framework. These profiles allow Member States to track their progress towards achieving the nine global targets, to be attained by 2025.

http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/en/

Chronic Diseases Control Discourse

Social Theory & Health

The cultural hegemony of chronic disease association discourse in Canada.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41285-018-0072-7

·       Dennis Raphael, Claudia Chaufan, Toba Bryant, Morouj Bakhsh, Jessica Bindra, Allan Puran, Daniel Saliba

• Abstract
• In this paper, we explore how corporate domination of two major disease associations in Canada, Heart and Stroke Canada (HSC) and Diabetes Canada (DC), as manifested in membership of their boards of directors may be acting with biomedical complicity to create hegemonic discourse on the nature of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is problematic as the activities that derive from this discourse thwart public policy action to address the primary causes and means of managing chronic disease: Canadians’ living and working conditions. Through critical analysis of the membership of HSC and DC boards of directors, we link their corporate and biomedical backgrounds with the limiting of chronic disease association messaging to narrow discredited behavioural approaches. We also draw attention to other means by which the corporate sector is able to shape disease association discourse on the causes and means of managing chronic disease. To rectify this, we call for membership of these boards to include those knowledgeable with broader understandings of health and those most likely to suffer CVD and T2DM: the poor, excluded, and marginalised. Since we recognise these associations will not voluntarily undertake these actions, we present means to force this shift.

Non-Communicable Diseases

Now is the time to focus on non-communicable diseases 

...if a radical course correction is not made within the next 12 months, the global goal of controlling some of the biggest killers in the world today will not be achieved.

—Richard Horton

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer account for over 70% of all deaths, of which nearly half are in people younger than 60 years. The Sustainable Development Goals commit countries to reducing premature mortality from NCDs by a third. After too many years of inaction, 2018 must be a pivotal year for progress towards the defeat of NCDs.

The Lancet believes that great research requires development, mobilisation, and exposure. We intend to do just that with a year-long focus on NCDs. 

In the lead up to the third UN High-Level Meeting on NCDs, the Lancet family of journals will publish several major initiatives to ensure the best evidence is at the heart of policies to reduce the global burden of NCDs. To stay updated during this critically important period for global health, you can sign up on this page to receive a dedicated e-newsletter, In Focus: NCDs. 

We will soon publish the Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and economics, led by Rachel Nugent and Robert Beaglehole. The Taskforce is an official partner to WHO’s Independent High-Level Commission on NCDs, and will be launched during a plenary session at the WHO Global Dialogue on Financing for Prevention and Control of NCDs, to be held in Copenhagen on April 9-11.

Be amongst the first to access to the best evidence, related updates, and commentary. Register today.  

Nurses’ Health Study 40 years

How a 40-Year-Old Study on “The Pill” Became the World’s Largest and Longest-Running Study of Health and Wellness

The Nurses’ Health Study, which started with 120,000 women in the mid 1970s, has irrevocably impacted how we understand diabetes, heart disease and cancers.
Highlights:

→ The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) began in 1976, with one clear purpose, to find "whether there are long term health effects of various forms of contraception."

→ NHS data led to monumental scientific contributions, including pivotal insights into the health effects of trans fat, how lifestyle influences cancer development, and revisions to the national dietary guidelines.

→ We interviewed Meir Stampfer, MD, DrPH, Principal Investigator of the Nurses’ Health Study, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

AROGYA Worls: NCD

Arogya World is a global non-profit working to prevent chronic diseases through education and lifestyle change. Our mission is reflected in our name: "Arogya" in Sanskrit means to live a life without disease. December 2016 Making great strides to improve the health of 1 million by 2020   The Arogya World Team--Geeta Bharadwaj, Nandini Ganesh, Nalini Saligram and Usha Chander--helped us get to the milestone of 79 Healthy Workplaces, spanning 2 million employees, in 2016. (Photo courtesy Ilene Klein) 2016 has been a wonderful year for Arogya World! We have made great strides in advancing our work to build the ecosystem for NCD Prevention in India. Read our 2016 Accomplishments report.   We can't do this without the support of our band of dedicated colleagues, passionate board members and advisors, and our many partners, and donors. Please consider making a gift to Arogya World in your year-end giving plans, and selecting us as the charity of choice when shopping Amazon Smile! Thank you! And have a wonderful holiday season.   Read about our 2016 Accomplishments Donate to Arogya World Shop Amazon Smile

Is Sugar the New Tobacco?

Is Sugar the New Tobacco? From Medscape Diabetes & Endocrinology Anti-smoking campaigns have led to a significant decline in tobacco consumption, and public health experts now say that similar efforts should target sugar intake as a strategy to reduce obesity and its related health conditions. Learn more from our expert commentaryand our related news coverage.

Physical Activity and Chronic Diseases

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Physical Activity Prescription: A Critical Opportunity to Address a Modifiable Risk Factor for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease

A Position Statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine

Jane S Thornton; Pierre Frémont; Karim Khan; Paul Poirier; Jonathon Fowles; Greg D Wells; Renata J Frankovich

Disclosures

Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(18):1109-1114. 

• Abstract and Introduction
• Conclusion

• References
• Sidebar 1
• Sidebar 2

Abstract and Introduction

Abstract

Non-communicable disease is a leading threat to global health. Physical inactivity is a large contributor to this problem; in fact, the WHO ranks it as the fourth leading risk factor for overall morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Canada, at least 4 of 5 adults do not meet the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Physicians play an important role in the dissemination of physical activity (PA) recommendations to a broad segment of the population, as over 80% of Canadians visit their doctors every year and prefer to get health information directly from them. Unfortunately, most physicians do not regularly assess or prescribe PA as part of routine care, and even when discussed, few provide specific recommendations. PA prescription has the potential to be an important therapeutic agent for all ages in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic disease. Sport and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians are particularly well suited for this role and should collaborate with their primary care colleagues for optimal patient care. The purpose of this Canadian Academy and Sport and Exercise Medicine position statement is to provide an evidence-based, best practices summary to better equip SEM and primary care physicians to prescribe PA and exercise, specifically for the prevention and management of non-communicable disease. This will be achieved by addressing common questions and perceived barriers in the field./.../

WHO/NCD

Michael R. Bloomberg Becomes WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases

Alert from my friend Stephen Leeder - News release

17 AUGUST 2016 | GENEVA - WHO has today named Mr Michael R. Bloomberg, philanthropist and former three-term Mayor of the City of New York, as Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs).

NCDs (including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases) and injuries are responsible for 43 million deaths each year - almost 80% of all deaths worldwide. Each year, 16 million people die from NCDs before the age of 70. Road traffic crashes account for a further 1.25 million deaths each year and are the leading cause of death among young people, aged 15–29 years. The premature death and disability from NCDs and injury can largely be prevented, through implementing proven, cost effective measures.

For the past decade, Bloomberg has been working with WHO on tobacco control and injury prevention. “Michael Bloomberg is a valued partner and has a long track record of supporting WHO in the areas of tobacco control, improving data for health, road safety and drowning prevention,” said Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General. “I am therefore absolutely delighted to be able to appoint him as Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases. This will enable us to strengthen our response together to the major public health challenges of NCDs and injuries.”/.../

Teoria de Barker aplicada aos Baboons

A teoria do saudoso David Barker estendida para os macacos...

Rough childhoods can have ripple effects for wild baboons

04/19/2016

You are subscribed to News - All NSF News for National Science Foundation Update. This information has recently been updated, and is now available. Rough childhoods can have ripple effects for wild baboons 04/19/2016 09:35 AM EDT Childhood trauma can have far-reaching effects on adult health and survival in humans, studies have shown. Now, new research finds the same is true for wild baboons. People who experience childhood abuse, neglect and other hallmarks of a rough childhood are more likely to develop heart disease, diabetes and other health problems later in life, even after the stressful events have passed, previous research shows. A new study finds that wild baboons who experience multiple ... More at http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=138255&WT.mc_id=USNSF_51&WT.mc_ev=click

Chronic Diseases

Volume 387, No. 10022, p943, 5 March 2016

Correspondence

Chronic diseases—the social justice issue of our time

Nalini Saligram

,

 Rachel Nugent

Article Info

• Summary
• Full Text
• References

With his recent commentary, Richard Horton (Dec 12, p 2378)1 created a much-needed jolt in the non-communicable disease (NCD) community.

We agree with many of the points Richard Horton raised. NCDs are complex, and fighting them is our generation's greatest challenge. That same complexity demands that progress be at a less than blistering pace. And yes, let us acknowledge that we in the NCD community are too polite and not impatient enough. We talk incessantly to each other—at conferences, WHO meetings, and UN side-events—and are not pulling the rest of the world community along. We have not figured out how to tell compelling stories of strapping 25-year-old people who get cancer, of women who have quit their jobs to care for a mother-in-law with heart disease, of a poor family going deeper into the abyss of poverty because of one person's diabetes, of a woman hunched over an open cook-stove inhaling fumes that increase her risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; heart-rending stories of people fighting the stigma of mental disease—stories that should move hearts and minds.

We take this criticism in the right spirit and are determined to learn from those who mobilised the world around HIV/AIDS, maternal, newborn, and child health, and climate change. And we are going to be impolite—yes, that we are.

But semi-comatose, that we are not.

People in the NCD community are passionate, determined, hard-working, and collaborative. Some people are inspiring and true leaders. Some people work on persuading governments to make change, others highlight the effect of NCDs on women, whereas others focus on young people. Some people work on proving that workplace wellness is sound business. All of us do soul-stirring work, and we object to being labelled semi-comatose. Can Richard Horton take that word back?

Several things give us hope. First, we think the 25 × 25 goal that WHO pulled all countries—some kicking and screaming—into agreeing to, in 2012, is bold. It is up to the NCD community to hold the countries accountable and make sure they deliver. Second, non-profits organisations are taking on huge efforts. For instance, Arogya World has completed a 1-million-person diabetes prevention text messaging campaign in India and shown a 15% improvement in health behaviours. The organisation has developed a chronic disease prevention mobile app for working Indians. mHealth is promising, given its broad reach, and once the evidence builds, population-level prevention with government engagement might be the silver bullet. Third, the private sector is at last joining in—in a sensible way. Kudos to Novartis for its Access initiative,2 through which the company will make 15 widely used NCD treatments available at US$1 per month per person—affordable, sustainable, and worthy of emulation. Fourth, financing is the big challenge, but some progress has been made in the development of sustainable ways to pay for the monumental NCD burden. Taxes on tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverages and the implementation of universal health coverage are key. The tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico, encouraged by the Latin American NCD community,3 shows promising results. Finally, going forward, cities and workplaces are smart ways to channel our energy. It is great to see some momentum building around this approach, and we welcome the International Diabetes Federation's diabetes prevention score for cities.

NCDs have grown to be the century's defining health and development challenge on our watch. Our generation's responsibility is to respond sensibly and creatively to the NCD crisis. We, the NCD community, with organisations big and small, are determined, in ways polite and impolite, to bring the international response to the NCD crisis in line with the scale of the problem. And we are determined to do our bit to ensure that the world we get is the world we want.

We declare no competing interests.

References

1. Horton, R. Offline: Chronic diseases—the social justice issue of our time. Lancet. 2015; 386: 2378
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2. Novartis. Novartis launches ‘Novartis Access’, a portfolio of affordable medicines to treat chronic diseases in lower-income countries. https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-launches-novartis-access-portfolio-affordable-medicines-treat-chronic; Sept 24, 2015. ((accessed Jan 26, 2016).)
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3. Colchero, MA, Popkin, BM, Rivera, JA, and Ng, SW. Beverage purchases from stores in Mexico under the excise tax on sugar sweetened beverages: observational study. BMJ. 2016; 352: h6704
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