New York City Regulations on Outdoor Smoking

Secondhand Smoke Secondhand smoke is made up of smoke from the end of a burning cigarette and smoke exhaled by  a smoker. It contains more than 700 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer. Breathing secondhand smoke is as dangerous as smoking. There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke. Even brief exposure can be harmful. In NYC, there are several laws that protect residents from secondhand smoke:/.../

Secondary Smoke is hazardous for your heart

http://globalsmokefreepartnership.org/heart/data/index.html

This has the films, the papers, and a collection of other resources such as AHA policy position paper, journal articles, and manuals on how to implement smoke-free hospitals

Alice Grainger Gasser | Project Manager | World Heart Federation | 7, rue des Battoirs | P. O. Box 155 | 1211 Geneva 4 | Switzerland | Phone +41 22 807 03 33 | Fax +41 22 807 03 39 | E-mailalice.graingergasser@worldheart.org | Web www.worldheart.org 

The World Heart Federation is committed to helping people achieve a longer and better life through prevention and control of heart disease and stroke, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.

Second hand smoke & Children

Searching for Smoke-free Resources? Head to the GSP’s Online Clearinghouse 2010-03-17 In January, the Global Smokefree Partnership (GSP) launched its online clearinghouse, a database of key resources on smoke-free issues. GSP members can search for resources using different criteria, including keywords, organization, author(s), and language. The resources in the database currently include articles, guides and reports produced by the GSP and its partners. The clearinghouse is a living resource, and the GSP will add new materials on a regular basis. Please check it often for updates and the latest information. To visit the clearinghouse, click here.

Click here to view the animation on Secondhand smoke and child health.

Cardiorespiratory and immune response to physical activity following exposure to a typical smoking environment

Heart 2010;96:860-864 doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.190744

• Smoking and cardiovascular disease
  Andreas D Flouris1, Giorgos S Metsios1, Athanasios Z Jamurtas2, Yiannis Koutedakis2
  1FAME Laboratory, Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology Thessaly, Greece2Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
  Correspondence to Dr Andreas D Flouris, FAME Laboratory, Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece;aflouris@cereteth.gr

• Abstract

Objective Millions of non-smokers suffer daily passive smoking (PS) at home or at work, many of whom then have to walk fast for several minutes or climb a few sets of stairs. We conducted a randomised single-blind crossover experiment to assess the cardiorespiratory and immune response to physical activity following PS.

Design Data were obtained from 17 (eight women) non-smoking adults during and following 30 minutes of moderate cycling administered at baseline and at 0 hour, 1 hour and 3 hours following a 1-hour PS exposure set at bar/restaurant PS levels.

Results We found that PS was associated with a 36% and 38.7% decrease in mean power output in men and women, respectively, and that this effect persisted up to 3 hours (p<0.05). Moreover, at 0 hour almost all cardiorespiratory and immune variables measured were markedly reduced (p<0.05). For instance, FEV₁ values at 0 hour dropped by 10.2% in men and 10.8% in women, while IL-5 increased by 59.2% in men and 44% in women, respectively (p<0.05). At 3-hour mean values of respiratory quotient, mean power, perceived exertion, cotinine, FEV₁, IL-5, IL-6 and INFγ in both sexes, recovery diastolic and mean arterial pressure, IL-4 and TNFα in men, as well as percentage predicted FEV₁ in women remained different compared to baseline (p<0.05). Also, some of the PS effects were exacerbated in less fit individuals.

Conclusion It is concluded that 1 hour of PS at bar/restaurant levels adversely affects the response to moderate physical activity in healthy non-smokers for at least 3 hours following PS.

IOM Says Smoking Bans Reduce Heart Attacks

By Emily P. Walker, Washington Correspondent, MedPage Today Published: October 15, 2009 WASHINGTON -- Bans on smoking in public places could reduce heart attacks and heart disease caused by secondhand smoke, according to a report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM). The new findings indicate that indoor smoking bans -- which are growing in popularity -- can improve the health of smokers and nonsmokers alike, according to the report, which was prepared for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "It's clear that smoking bans work," said Lynn Goldman, MD, of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, who chaired the IOM committee that wrote the report. A pivotal 2006 Surgeon General's report found that secondhand smoke causes heart disease and endorsed smoking bans as an economical way to reduce risk. However, debate remains over what effect smoking bans have on reducing heart disease./.../

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Children and Adolescents: United States, 2003–2006

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Children and Adolescents: United States, 2003–2006

Published online October 19, 2009
PEDIATRICS (doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0880)

Cinzia Marano, PhD, MPH^a, Susan E. Schober, PhD^a, Debra J. Brody, MPH^a and Cindy Zhang, MPH^b

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The implementation of policies that prohibit tobacco smoking in public places has resulted in a significant reduction in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the US population; however, such policies do not extend to private homes, where children continue to be exposed. Our objective was to assess SHS exposure among US children and adolescents by using serum cotinine measures to compare those who were exposed to SHS in the home and those without home exposure.

METHODS We analyzed serum cotinine data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 5518 children (3–11 years) and nonsmoking adolescents (12–19 years). We calculated geometric mean serum cotinine levels by sociodemographic and household characteristics according to self-reported home SHS exposure. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate independent predictors of serum cotinine levels.

RESULTS Geometric mean serum cotinine levels were 1.05 ng/mL among those with home SHS exposure and 0.05 ng/mL among those without home exposure. Among children who were exposed to SHS at home, serum cotinine levels were inversely associated with age and were similar for non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children. Conversely, among children without SHS exposure at home, serum cotinine levels were higher among non-Hispanic black compared with non-Hispanic white children, and there was no relationship with age. Mexican American children had the lowest level of SHS exposure.

CONCLUSIONS Serum cotinine levels were an order of magnitude higher among children with reported SHS exposure at home compared with those with no exposure in the home.

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/p...

Also:

Secondhand Smoke and Respiratory Symptoms Among Adolescent Current Smokers

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/p...

7.9 million or more babies are born each year with a birth defect

Environmental Factors in Birth Defects: What We Need to Know

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 117, Number 10, October 2009

Bob Weinhold

Abstract

Worldwide an estimated 7.9 million or more babies are born each year with a birth defect. The causes of birth defects remain largely a mystery, although a few culprits, including some environmental agents, have been identified as contributing factors. Reliable numbers for both types of defects and cases remain unclear, due in large part to a lack of funding, coordinated efforts, and adequate data, and experts believe significant shifts in research priorities need to occur before progress can be made. However, several large studies now or about to get under way could yield data to help identify links between certain birth defects and environmental agents.

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2009/117-10/focus-abs.html

http://www.ehponline.org/members/2009/117-10/focus.html

http://www.ehponline.org/members/2009/117-10/EHP117pa440PDF....

Cardiovascular effects of Secondhand smoke: new Institute of Medicine report

Appointed by: Alice Grainger Gasser | Project Manager | World Heart Federation | 7, rue des Battoirs | P. O. Box 155 | 1211 Geneva 4 | Switzerland | Phone +41 22 807 03 33 | Fax +41 22 807 03 39 | E-mail alice.graingergasser@worldheart.org | Web www.worldheart.org

http://www.world-heart-federation.org/press/news/detail/article/cardiovascular-effects-of-secondhand-smoke-new-institute-of-medicine-report-reviews-evidence-and-co/

Heart Disease and Stroke

Flash

Short flash animation that shows how secondhand smoke damages the cardiovascular system.

View flash

• Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smokers are 2–4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than nonsmokers.
• Cigarette smoking approximately doubles a person's risk for stroke.
• Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels (arteries). Smokers are more than 10 times as likely as nonsmokers to develop peripheral vascular disease.
• Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm.
• Secondhand smoke exposure causes heart disease and lung cancer in nonsmoking adults.
• Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their heart disease risk by 25–30% and their lung cancer risk by 20–30%.
• Breathing secondhand smoke has immediate harmful effects on the cardiovascular system that can increase the risk of heart attack. People who already have heart disease are at especially high risk./.../

O cerco ao cigarro se fecha

Exclusivo VEJA.com O cerco ao cigarro se fecha Entenda novas restrições em SP e os males do vício.

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Nutrição:

Como parar de fumar e não engordar?

Secondhand Smoke Exposure Pervasive in New York

Download Complimentary Source PDF

By Crystal Phend, Staff Writer, MedPage Today Published: April 10, 2009 Reviewed by Dori F. Zaleznik, MD; Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 10 -- More than half of non-smoking New Yorkers have elevated cotinine levels from secondhand tobacco smoke, Jennifer A. Ellis, Ph.D., of the New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, and colleagues reported online in Nicotine & Tobacco Research.

The New York City rate easily beat the national average (56.7% versus 44.9%, P<0.05),>P<0.05). 

secondhand smoke

http://amicorsmoke.blogspot.com/2007/09/child-exposure-to-environmental-tobacco.html
1.7 ng/ml: Salivary cotinine indicating harmful exposure to second-hand smoke in children. (Read research)